Elements of Physical Health

All parts of the body must work together properly to maintain physical health. A person who is in good physical condition has the strength and energy to enjoy an active life and withstand the stresses of daily life. The various practices that help maintain health include proper nutrition, exercise, rest and sleep, cleanliness, and regular medical and dental care.

Nutrition.A balanced diet provides all the food substances needed by the body for healthy growth and development. Nutritionists use the term nutrients for these substances and classify them into six main groups: (1) water, (2) carbohydrates, (3) fats, (4) proteins, (5) vitamins, and (6) minerals. Dietary fiber is also important to health.

A balanced diet consists of a wide variety of foods. Fruits and vegetables provide important vitamins and minerals. Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dried beans, some dairy products, and nuts are rich sources of protein. Bread, cereals, and potatoes furnish carbohydrates in addition to vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

Good nutrition also includes eating the proper amount of food each day. Overeating can lead to obesity. Excess weight strains the heart and increases the risk of getting such diseases as diabetes and heart disease. Many people try to lose weight quickly and easily by following one of the many widely advertised fad diets. But these diets can be dangerous, especially if used over a long period of time. The safest way to lose weight is to consult a physician or dietitian and follow the program he or she prescribes. Most programs combine moderate daily exercise with a balanced diet that contains a limited number of calories.

Exercisehelps keep the body healthy and fit. Vigorous exercise strengthens muscles and improves the function of the circulatory and respiratory systems. Physical fitness benefits both physical and mental health. It enables the body to withstand stresses that otherwise could cause physical and emotional problems.

To achieve fitness, a person should start an exercise program slowly and build it up gradually to a level that maintains a healthy heart and strong muscles. Engaging several times a week in such popular activities as bicycling, jogging, and swimming –and even taking long, brisk walks – can furnish the vigorous exercise that is necessary for fitness. Participating in golf, bowling, or some other sport only once or twice a week cannot develop and maintain fitness.

Rest and sleephelp overcome fatigue and restore energy to the body. Everyone needs rest and sleep, but the amount required differs for each individual. Most adults sleep from 7 to 8.5 hours a night, though some need less sleep and others need more. Young children need more sleep at night plus a daytime nap.

Nearly everyone has trouble falling asleep occasionally. However, frequent insomnia can indicate various physical or emotional disorders. Therefore, it is best to consult a physician about any frequent sleep problem. Some people take sleeping pills to counteract insomnia. But such drugs can make sleeping problems worse, and they should not be used without a doctor's prescription.

Rest and relaxation are as important as sleep. After strenuous work or exercise, a person may need a period of total rest. At other times, only relaxation or a change of pace is necessary. Any activity that differs from the normal routine of work or study can be relaxing. Pleasurable and relaxing activities help the body shed tension and remain robust. If rest and relaxation do not relieve fatigue and tension, the individual may have a physical or emotional problem.

Cleanlinesscontrols the growth of bacteria and other germs that can cause disease. A regular bath or shower keeps the body free from dirt and odor. In addition, it helps prevent skin infections that may develop if bacteria grow and multiply on the skin. The hair should also be washed regularly. Daily dental care is another important part of personal cleanliness. Brushing the teeth properly and using dental floss keep the teeth clean and help prevent decay and gum disease.

Medical and dental care.Regular checkups by a physician and dentist play an important role in safeguarding health. Doctors recommend that people seek medical care at the first sign of illness. Early care can result in a quicker cure and lower medical costs. Treating oneself for more than a day or two is unwise unless the condition improves steadily. A physician or medical clinic has the knowledge and special equipment to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Prevention of disease is an important part of medical care. Children should visit a doctor or clinic to receive immunization against diphtheria, measles, mumps, polio, rubella, tetanus, whooping cough, meningitis, and hepatitis B.

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 825