FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Formation: shall /will + have been + Present Participle

e.g. Lora is so slow! By 5 o’clock she will have been hovering the flat for 3 hours! – Will she have been hovering the flat for 6 hours when the Blacks come? – No, she won’t have been hovering it for so long because I will help her as soon as I’m free.

Future Perfect Continuous is used:

2. To emphasize the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future.

e.g. By the end of next month, Mrs. Graham will have been teaching for twenty years.

3. Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous are used with the following time expressions:

before by by then by the time until/till

Notes:

· Until/till are only used in negative sentences.

a) She will have finished the report by tomorrow. (NOT: ... till tomorrow.)

b) She won't have completed the report until/ till 5 o'clock.

· After the time expressions by the time, until, before, Present Simple is used because these expressions introduce time clauses. Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous may come either before or after the time clause.

· Study the following examples:

a) I won't have finished cleaning the house until you come back.

b) By the time they reach York, they will have been travelling for four hours.

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice can be used only with transitive verbs! The general formula of Passive Voice formation is

to be + Participle II

Compare the formation of sentences in Active and Passive Voice. Find differences and similarities in the formation of tense and aspect forms.

In English Passive Voice is used less often that Active Voice and is more formal. Passive Voice is used in the following cases:

1. When the person who caries out the action is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context,

e.g. Ted’s flat was broken into last night. (The burglar is not known)

Coffee beans are grown in Brazil. (It is not important who grows coffee beans) Len’s car was serviced yesterday. (It is obvious that a mechanic did it)

2. When the action itself is more important than the person who carries it out (e.g. in news headlines, formal notices, instructions, processes, advertisements, etc.)

e.g. The new hospital will be opened on Monday. (Formal notice)

Then the milk is taken to a factory and pasteurized.

3. When people refer to an unpleasant event and don’t want to say who or what is to blame,

e.g. A lot of mistakes have been made. (Instead of "You’ve made a lot of mistakes.")

4. Sentences with some transitive verbs can form two different passive sentences, in which both direct and indirect objects can become subjects. These verbs are:

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 1293