Administration of Drugs

What ways of drug administration you know?

There are

Oral administration(the route of administration is by mouth).

Sublingual administration(drugs aren’t swallowed but are placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve in the saliva)

Rectal administration(suppositories and water solutions are inserted into rectum)

Parenteral administration(this type of administration is accomplished by injection through a syringe under the skin, muscle, vein or into a body cavity)

1)Subcutaneous (it given just under the several layers of the skin.

2)Intradermal(This injection is made into the upper layers of the skin)

3)Intramuscular(This injection is given into the muscle, usually into the buttocks)

4)Intravenosus(This injection is given directly into the veins)

5)Intrathecal(It is made into thee sheath of membranes which surround the spinal cord and brain)

6)Intracavitary(This injection is made into a body cavity)

Inhalation (in this method of administration vapours or gases are taken into yhe nose or mouth and are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Topical application (This is local external application of drugs on the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth or other surface.

What are the ways of parenteral administration? What is the difference between them?

Смотр 34.The difference is that this injection are made into different part of our body.

Cardiovascular drugs

What groups may cardiovascular drugs be divided into?

They can be divided into three groups:

1)drugs that affect the heart

2)drugs that affect blood pressure

3)drugs that prevent blood clotting

When are vasodilators and vasoconstrictors administered?How do they act?

Vasodilators are drugs which relax the muscles of vessels walls.The blood flows more freely and blood pressure falls as blood vessels open become dilated. Vasoconstrictors are drugs which constrict muscle fibres around blood vessel opening. Vasoconstrictors are needed to raise blood pressure increase the force of heart action and stop local bleeding.

In what cases are anticoagulants and heparin prescribed?

They are used to prevent the formation of clots in vein and arteries.They are prescribed when a patient has a clot in his vein or arteries.

Nutrition

How many food groups do you know?Give short characteristics of each of them.

Vegetables(they contains fructose and vitamins)

Fruit (they contains fructose and vitamins)

Breads, cereals, rice and pasta (they contains starches )

Milk yogurt and cheese(there are lactose)

Meat poultry fish dried beans and peas eggs and nuts(they contain proteins)

What are the properties of nutrients?

Water is the most critical nutrient.the body needs water to carry out all its life processes.

Carbohydrates include all sugars and starches.They serve as the main source of energy.

Fructose comes from fruits and vegetables.

Lactose is found in milk.

Fats are a highly concentrated source of energy and they are composed of an alcohol called glycerol and substances called fatty acids.Proteins provide energy and serve as one of the main building materials of the body.Minerals are needed for the growth and maintenance of bode structures. Iron is an important part of hemoglobin. Vitamins should be supplied daily in the diet.

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 822