Higher education in Russia.

Citizens of Russia have the right to education which is guaranteed by the Constitution and ensured by the broad development of compulsory secondary education, vocational, specialized secondary and higher education, by the development of extramural, correspondence and evening courses, by the provisions of state scholarships and privileges for students.

There are four types of higher education institutions in Russia, including universities, academies, institutes, and colleges.

A university combines all levels of higher, postsecondary, and continuing education with fundamental research. A leading centre of culture and education, a university consists of several colleges or faculties in the sciences and the humanities and offers either five or five and a half year program. The trend in recent years has been to change institutional names from ‘institutes’ to more prestigious ‘universities’ and ‘academies’.

An academy is characterized by undertaking research and providing education in one major field of science or the humanities. There are currently 78 academies with various fields of specialization in Russia. Russian academies as a type of institution of higher education should not be confused with academies as organizations that combine the functions of an honorary society of distinguished scientists and scholars and a research centre.

An institute offers specialized education and training programs in various fields of science, technology, and culture. Typically, a single institute specializes in a single field, such as law, medicine, agriculture, engineering, and art. Compared to academies, institutes tend to place less emphasis on research.

A college may be either a separate educational institution, or a subdivision of a university or academy. It offers both complete and incomplete programs of higher education and training.

There are two academic degrees in Russia: “Candidate of science” and the “Doctor of Science”.

The Russian educational policy is a combination of economic and social objectives. An educated person contributes more to the society and education, on the other hand gives a person the prospect for professional advance. The citizens of Russia show a great concern for themselves and their children. An educated person contributes more to the society and education; on the other hand education gives a person the prospect for professional advance.

Complete the sentences:

1. Russians have the right to ...

2. The four types of education institutions are...

3. A university combines...

4. An academy is characterized by...

5. The notion “academy” can also be interpreted as ...

6. An institute offers ...

7. A college may be...

8. The academic Russian degrees are ...

9. Russians show ...

10. An educated person ...

Answer the questions:

1. What right do the citizens of Russia have?

2. What is this right guaranteed by?

3. What types of higher education institutions do you know?

4. What is the mission of a university?

5. What does an academy presuppose?

6. What does an institute offer?

7. What is a college?

8. What academic degrees do you know?

9. What is Russian’s attitude to education?

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 1863