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Specialized institutions

Main article: List of specialized agencies of the United Nations

Many UN organizations and agencies exist to work on particular issues. Some of the most well-known agencies are the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), the World Bank and the World Health Organization.

It is through these agencies that the UN performs most of its humanitarian work. Examples include mass vaccination programmes (through the WHO), the avoidance of famine and malnutrition (through the work of the WFP) and the protection of vulnerable and displaced people (for example, by the UNHCR).

The United Nations Charter stipulates that each primary organ of the UN can establish various specialized agencies to fulfil its duties.

Organizations and specialized agencies of the United Nations
No. Acronyms Logo Agency Headquarters Head Established in
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization Rome, Italy José Graziano da Silva
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, Austria Yukiya Amano
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization Montreal, Canada Raymond Benjamin
IFAD   International Fund for Agricultural Development Rome, Italy Kanayo F. Nwanze
ILO International Labour Organization Geneva, Switzerland Guy Ryder 1946 (1919)
IMO International Maritime Organization London, United Kingdom Koji Sekimizu
IMF   International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C., USA Christine Lagarde 1945 (1944)
ITU International Telecommunication Union Geneva, Switzerland Hamadoun Touré 1947 (1865)
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Paris, France Irina Bokova
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization Vienna, Austria Kandeh Yumkella
UNWTO World Tourism Organization Madrid, Spain Taleb Rifai
UPU Universal Postal Union Bern, Switzerland Édouard Dayan 1947 (1874)
WB   World Bank Group Washington, D.C., USA Jim Yong Kim 1945 (1944)
WFP World Food Programme Rome, Italy Ertharin Cousin
WHO World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland Margaret Chan
WIPO   World Intellectual Property Organization Geneva, Switzerland Francis Gurry
WMO World Meteorological Organization Geneva, Switzerland David Grimes / Michel Jarraud 1950 (1873)

Membership

Main article: Member states of the United Nations

An animation showing the timeline of accession of UN member states, according to the UN. Antarctica has no government; political control of Western Sahara is in dispute; and the territories administered byTaiwan and Kosovo are considered by the UN to be provinces of China and Serbia, respectively.



With the addition of South Sudan on 14 July 2011,[32] there are currently 193 United Nations member states, including all undisputed independent states apart from the Vatican City (for details see Holy See and the United Nations).[33] The United Nations Charter outlines the rules for membership:

1. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states that accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.

2. The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

—United Nations Charter, Chapter 2, Article 4

In addition, there are 2 non-member observer states of the United Nations General Assembly: the Holy See (which holds sovereignty over the Vatican City) and the State of Palestine.[34] The Cook Islands and Niue, both states in free association with New Zealand, are full members of several UN specialized agencies, and have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognised by United Nations Secretariat.[35][36]

Group of 77

The Group of 77 at the UN is a loose coalition of developing nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. There were 77 founding members of the organization, but the organization has since expanded to 130 member countries. The group was founded on 15 June 1964 by the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at theUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The first major meeting was in Algiers in 1967, where the Charter of Algiers was adopted and the basis for permanent institutional structures was begun.[37]

Objectives


Date: 2015-12-11; view: 553


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