KEYS TO THE EXERCISES

From the History of Building

Exercise 6 1-a, 2-e, 3-a, 4-b, 5-c, 6-g, 7-f.

Exercise 7, b 1-b, 2-b, 3-b, 4-a, 5-a, 6-b, 7-b.

Construction Works

Exercise 6, b

a) receive a commission; b) submit; c) incorporate; d) bid; e) make periodic inspections; f) specified; g) defects liability period; h) full possession.

Exercise 6, c

a) receives a commission; b) commission; c) the site; d) preliminary plans; e) preliminary plans and rough estimates of the cost; f) if client suggests changes, he incorporates; g) contractor; h) draw up a contract with a contractor; i) client; j) contractor; k) the building; l) bills; m) bills; n) periodic inspections; o) completes; p) occupies; q) defects liability period; r) takes full possession.

Building Materials

Exercise 6

a) concrete; b) mild steel; c) hardwood; d) mild steel; e) glass; f) aluminium; g) glass; h) aluminium; i) pine; j) oak and zink.

Exercise 7, b

a) False. Rod materials cam only be used for supporting the building

b) True

c) False. Steel is used for frame constructions because it has high tensile and compressive strength

d) True

e) False. Mass construction buildings are heavy whereas planar construction buildings are light.

Exercise 9.

Client: What do you think is the best material to use for the beam?

Architect: Well, oak isn’t really suitable. It’s strong enough but it’s too expensive. I think we should use pine. It’s not only strong enough but it’s also cheaper.

Client: What do you think is best material to use for the roof covering?

Architect: Well, copper isn’t really suitable. It’s too heavy. I think we should use zinc. It’s not only light enough but it’s also cheaper.

Client: What do you think is the best material to use for the fire door?

Architect: Well, copper isn’t really suitable. Its melting point is high enough but it’s too expensive. I think we should use mild steel. Its melting point is not only high enough but it’s also cheaper.

Parts of Buildings

Exercise 5

lowest floor C,H,J suspended floor C, F

external wall A,B,D,F,G,H,J,K partitions B.E.I

roof A,F,H suspended ceiling E,I,K

Exercise 8, b

Possible answers:

a) The external walls are made up of brick cladding, wall planks, windows arid doors.

b) The wall planks and floor units are fixed while the steel frame is being erected.

c) The stanchion casings serve the function of resisting fire.

d) The precast concrete floor units are capable of carrying a load up to 5 kN/sq m.

e) The wall planks are designed- to be Weatherproof and to support the outer

cladding.

f) The external doors are 900 mm and 1 800 mm wide.

g) The glazing of the hardwood framed doors is done on site.

h) The internal sills and lining panels form a cavity for, the heating and electrical services.

i) The grill is located underneath the sill.

j) The grill and air intake enable -air to circulate up past the finned heating element.

k) The lining panels are capable of being removed to give access to the.

Exercise 10

a) What does the roof consist of?

What do the walls/floors consist of? etc.

a) The roof consists of a roof structure and a waterproof covering.

The walls consist of a wall structure and cladding;

The floors consist of floor structures and wearing surfaces.

b) The factory is constructed from four elements.

The wall is constructed from two compound units.

The roof is constructed from two compound-units.

c) The roof structure is made up of joists and stanchions.

The wall structure is made up of beams and stanchions.

The floor structure is made up of' panels.

d) The joists are made of wood.

The corrugated sheets are made of steel.

The panels are made; of-precast concrete.

Some Building Professions

Exercise 7

a) brace and bit b) shovel c) float d) panel saw e) hacksaw f) cable shears g) mallet and chisel h) vice and file i) wire strippers j) screwdriver k) brush l) lump hammer and bolster m) spanner n) combination pliers o) plane p) trowel q) pincers

A shovel is a tool for mixing mortar.

A float is tool for smoothing the plaster on a wall.

A panel saw is a tool for cutting wood.

Exercise 9

Exercise 11

A lighting engineer uses a daylight factor meter to measure the illumination from the sky.

A structural engineer uses a strain gauge to measure the strain on a structure.

A bricklayer uses a plumb-bob to check verticality.

An acoustic engineer uses a sound pressure meter to measure-the sound pressure.

A heating and ventilating engineer uses a hygrometer to measure the relative

humidity.

A carpenter uses a spirit level to check vertical and horizontal work.

An electrician uses a voltmeter to measure the voltage of a circuit.

A bricklayer uses a steel tape to measure distances.

A carpenter uses a square to check squareness.

A heating and ventilating engineer uses a thermometer to measure the temperature.

Illumination may be measured by using a daylight factor meter. Strain on a structure can be measured with a strain gauge.

Exercise 12

a) If a structural engineer wants to check that the strain in a beam is not excessive which instrument should he use?

He should use a strain gauge.

b) If an acoustic engineer wants to check the reduction in noise due to sound insulation which instrument should he use?

He should use a sound pressure meter.

c) If an electrician wants to check that a power circuit is working properly which instrument should he use? He should use a voltmeter.

d) If a structural engineer wants to check that a column is vertical which instrument should he use?

He should use a plumb-bob (or a spirit level).

e) If a bricklayer wants to check that two walls are at right angles which instrument should he use?

He should use a square.

f) If a lighting engineer wants to check the daylight on a working surface which instrument should he use? He should use a daylight factor meter.

g) If a bricklayer wants to check the length of a wall which instrument should he use? He should use a steel tape.

h) If a heating and ventilating engineer wants to check the moisture content in the air which instrument should he use?

He should use a hygrometer.

i) If a heating and ventilating engineer wants to check the temperature difference between inside and outside which instrument should he use?

He should use a thermometer.

Exercise 13

a) During weeks 22 to 30 the plumbers work simultaneously with the roofing contractor. While the former install the pipework and sanitary fittings, the latter lay the roof covering. As soon as the plumbers have finished, the carpenters begin.

b) From the beginning of week 35 to the end of week 40 the heating contractor works .at the same time as the glaziers. While the former puts in the heating installation, the latter put in the glazing. As soon as the glaziers have finished, the decorators begin.

c) From the beginning of week 1 to the end of week 8 the labourers work at the same time as the machine drivers. While the former do the manual work, the latter excavate the ground. As soon as the machine drivers have finished, the steel erectors begin.

d) During weeks 26 to 40 the heating contractor works simultaneously with the electricians. While the former installs the heating equipment, the latter install the electrical equipment. Four weeks after the electricians have finished, the decorators begin.

Concrete

Exercise 6 (b)

a) False. Concrete is made from four different materials.

b) False. Coarse aggregate ranges in size from 5 mm to 4

c) True.

d) True.

e) False. Cover is the thickness of concrete covering the reinforcing rods.

f) True.

g) False. Spalling can occur in a solid concrete slab when the maximum size of the

coarse aggregate is greater than the cover to the reinforcement.

h) False. When the minimum horizontal distance between reinforcing rods is 15 mm, the maximum size of the aggregate should 10 mm.

SUPPLEMENT 2

USEFL LANGUAGE

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1840