The key principle taught in almost all systems is that the rescuer, be they a lay person or a professional, should assess the situation for danger.

90. What is referred to as a substance that in case of violation of safety requirements may cause injuries, occupational diseases, or variations in health status?

Harmful substance

91. Which hazardous substances do cause modification of genetic information?

Mutagenic

92. What level of total sound pressure should not be exceeded in accordance with the sanitary norms?

The total sound pressure level should not exceed 110 dB.

93.What is an annual dose of radiation received by each inhabitant of the Earth under current conditions of natural radiation background?

Annual dose of radiation on average 2 - 3 mSv (200 - 300 mrem).

94. What distance from the broken wire is safe due to step voltage?

Usually at a distance of 20 - 30 meters from the fallen wire-step voltage is safe

95. What is a primary vector that does cause plaque?

Xenopsylla cheopis is a primary vector of Bubonic plague.

96. What are the measures of plaque treatments?

As soon as a diagnosis of suspected plague is made, the patient should be isolated, and local and state health departments should be notified. Confirmatory laboratory work should be initiated, including blood cultures and examination of lymph node specimens if possible. Drug therapy should begin as soon as possible after the laboratory specimens are taken. The drugs of choice are streptomycin or gentamycin, but a number of other antibiotics are also effective.

Those individuals closely associated with the patient, particularly in cases with pneumonia, should be traced, identified, and evaluated. Contacts of pneumonic plague patients should be placed under observation or given preventive antibiotic therapy, depending on the degree and timing of contact.

97. What are the ways of transmission of cholera to people?

Transmission to humans occurs through eating food or drinking water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae from other cholera patients. The major reservoir for cholera was long assumed to be humans themselves, but considerable evidence exists that aquatic environments can serve as reservoirs of the bacteria.

98. What are the measures of prevention of cholera?

Sterilization: Proper disposal and treatment of infected fecal waste water produced by cholera victims and all contaminated materials (e.g. clothing, bedding, etc) is essential. All materials that come in contact with cholera patients should be sterilized by washing in hot water using chlorine bleach if possible.

Sewage: anti-bacterial treatment of general sewage by chlorine, ozone, ultra-violet light or other effective treatment before it enters the waterways or underground water supplies helps prevent undiagnosed patients from inadvertently spreading the disease.

Sources: Warnings about possible cholera contamination should be posted around contaminated water sources with directions on how to decontaminate the water (boiling, chlorination etc.) for possible use.

Water purification: All water used for drinking, washing, or cooking should be sterilized by either boiling, chlorination, ozone water treatment, ultra-violet light sterilization, or anti-microbial filtration in any area where cholera may be present.

99. What are the measures used to treat AIDS/HIV?

There is currently no publicly available vaccine for HIV or cure for HIV or AIDS. The only known methods of prevention are based on avoiding exposure to the virus or, failing that, an antiretroviral treatment directly after a highly significant exposure, called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). PEP has a very demanding four week schedule of dosage. It also has very unpleasant side effects including diarrhea, malaise, nausea and fatigue.

100. How is TB infection classified at a sign of a positive reaction and no disease according to the clinical classification system?

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 703