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The principal notion of stylistics. Functional styles.

Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which deals with expressive resources and functional styles of the language.

Stylistics is connected with other branches of linguistics, phonetics, lexicology and syntax. In connection with phonetics - expressive sound combinations, rhythmic and intonational patterns. In connections with lexicology - connotatively marked and expressive words and layers of the voc. In the connection with syntax - concentrates on particular structural units which make speech expressive and colourful.

Stylistics is subdivided into literature stylistics and linguo-stylistics. Literally stylistic studies a combination of expressive means typical for a piece of prose or poetry or the whole literary epoch. Linguo-stylistics compares the national norm and language system with particular functional styles.

Functional styles are classified into two general groups ^bookish and colloquial. The group of bookish styles embrace academic/scientific, official/business, mass media and literary. The colloquial S is subdivided into literary, informal, and substandard colloquial S. Both bookish and colloquial S exist n written and oral forms.

The Academic style serves as an instrument for promoting scientific ideas and exchanging scientific info among people. .To academic genres belong: papers, monographs, conference, and scientific review.

The Official style is aimed at establishing, developing, and maintaining relations between the government and society. It embraces such spheres of social activity as administration, diplomacy, legal relations, and business. The most peculiar features of this style are: preciseness, clearness, logical correctness, and laconism.

The Mass Media style the function is to inform the public about events and occurrences that may be of interest, to persuade and to influence the people’s consciousness.

13. Lexical and Syntactic stylistic devices

Metaphoric group simile, metaphor, epithet, personification. Metonymic group: metonymy, synechdoche, Mixed group: allegory, antonomasia

Simile is a comparison of two objects according to their common feature to make one of them more picturesque. The words are connected by conj. as and like: as pure as snow

Metaphor is a transference of the name of one object to another: nominative metaphors - a leg of the tabl), cognitive metaphor the day died; the idea came; time flies; imaginitive metaphor.

Epithet is a word or word-combination having expressive characteristics of an object; a silvery laugh, an iron table

Personofication is imparting characteristics, thoughts and actions of a human being to inanimate objects or animals: Lie is a strange creature.

Metonymy is a transference of the name of one object to another object. a) the name of symbol instead of a notion, e.g.: crown, throne instead of king’s power;b) the name of instrument instead of an action, e.g.: ear instead of to hear; voice instead of to speak; d) the name of a characteristic feature instead of its bearer, e.g.: the press instead of journalists;



Synecdoche is a transference of the name of a part to the whole and vice versa. a) part instead of the whole: under the same roof (house); b) the whole instead of its constituent: The hall applauded. (the people); c) sg. instead of pl.

Allegory is a kind of representation of abstract notion by means of a concrete image. The simplest examples are proverbs: All is not gold that glitters

Antonomasia is thå usage of a proper name as a common noun: He is the Napoleon of crime


Date: 2015-12-11; view: 2022


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Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Relations | Fundamental issues of general linguistics: definition of language, word, paradigm, relationship between language and speech.
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