Semantic structure of a word (Prof. I.V.Arnold) consists of DENOTATIVE and CONNOTATIVE meanings.

Semantic structure of a word (I.V. Arnold)

		Denotative meaning

Ffff

Head
Pate Poll Scone Noodle Nob Nut Coco Cont	Bean Block Upper Storey Dome Brow Temple Brain

The emotive component (usual or occasional) of the connotative meaning of a word is its capacity to evoke or directly express emotions. It is called emotive charge, emotive connotation or colouring: Oh! Why! Hell!

Here she is, poor little lamb, with her bags all packed. (M.Dickens).

“She was a thin, frail little thing, and her hair which was delicate and thin was bobbed”. (D.) I feel so darned lonely. (Gr.Green).:

I have a lot of time. Hyperbole

He has heaps of time.

He’s got bags of money.

Evaluative components:

(Negative or positive attitude, approval or disapproval):

Time – tested method :: out-of-date method

“Politics … is only the art to reach high position; wisdom is the art to get power, wealth, position”/H.Fielding/.

Expressive component

intensifies the denotative or connotative meaning (emotions and feelings):

“He is ever such a clever man”

Stylistic component (foregrounding) is characteristic of particular styles or spheres of communication

(official: red-tape cliches, scientific, informal, colloquial: slang, jargon, etc).

Contextual meaning of words:

“When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherized upon a table”.

/G. Eliot/.

Offspring Infant

tot kid

babe

Brat

An opposition is a relationship of partial difference between two partially similar elements of the language.

 

Steed

Horse

Gee

Maiden

girl

lass brut brood flapper

“My children, my defrauded, swindled infants!” cried Mr. Renvings /D/.

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1552