Morphemic structure of words

Lecture 1

Language as a system

Language and its 3 basic parts

Correlation between grammar and meaning

Relations between language units

Language and its 3 basic parts

Language is a social phenomenon, developing with the society, due to the varies social factors.

It is the reason why many specific branches of sociolinguistics exist.

3 basic parts (constituents) of the language:

Subsystems

Correlation between grammar and meaning

Meaning – grammatical and lexical

general narrowed, individ.

The important element of grammar form is Word order (direct, indirect, inverted)

plays specific role in the language,

differentiates the style of speaking

syntactic stylistic devices

Grammar subsystem regulates phonetics and lexics.

There is a Plain of content and plain of expression. Correlation between them is complicated. There is no 1 – to - 1 correlation, that’s why synonyms exist.

antonyms

homonyms

Relations between language units

Relations

Units of languages

1. the hierarchy of segmental and suprasegmental units

2. levels of lingual units phonetic

morphemic

lexemic

phrasemic

proposemic

supraproposemic

3. syndetic and asyndetic; the functional status of level-forming units.

the functions of a Superproposeme - sentence grouping, that consists of some sentences

that are not isolated.

they make a different style of communication.

1. nominative

2. predicative

3. topicalization

4. stylization

the smallest unit of syntactics – morpheme

the biggest – superproposeme

2 sublevels of grammar

Lecture 3

The morphological subsystem of language

Morphemic structure of words

Word as a complex many-sided phenomenon

More insight into the morphemic structure of words

Specifics of the morpheme

morphemic structure of words

Morpheme means form.,

it is an abstract unit that represents MS through the numbers of its variants – Morphs

general

ideal

smallest language unit

Allomorph – means something actual, is the realization of the morpheme

concrete

Each word has its morphemic composition. we can find the morpheme only within the structure of a word.

(beauty/full - ^affix) 2 sides – lexical and grammatical

2 criteria of a classification of a morpheme (traditional)

Prefix + root morpheme + Lexical suffix + grammatical suffix

Allo-emic theory – theory of descriptive linguistics – helps identify semantic properties of ling units

1. differentiates imunits and allounits

general concrete

abstract real

Specific identification of lingual units with the help of distributional analysis. (how the units are distributed?)

Types of distribution:

Allo-emic theory classifies morphemes distributionaly: factors

1. morpheme is classified on the basis of a degree of self-dependence:

free – capable of making words by themselves (free, root morphemes)

bound – affixal morphemes

(hand ^root/ full ^affix )

2. basis of a formal presentation: whether we can see or not

overt - explicit

covert – implicit

(come^explicit [0] ^implicit – come ^explicit s ^explicit)

3. grammatical alternation:

additive - edited to the stem of the word

replacive - mechanism of changes – one root is replaced by another root

(drive, drove, driven) , (woman – women)

(clock – clock[s] – ^additive )

4. basis of linear characteristics:

continuous - uninterrupted

discontinuous – (have been doing – 1 morpheme (3 constituents))

(She has been writing – ^{discontinuous} this article for a number of years)

classifications

lecture 4

Categorial specifics of the word

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 2167