Atmosphere around it absorbs the most solar energy.

1. The air near the equator absorbs more solar energy. The air

near the equator is much hotter than the air near the poles.

2. Hot air rises. Low-pressure areas develop at the equator.

3. Low-pressure areas are like gaps in the atmosphere. Cold air

moves in from the poles to fill the low-pressure areas.

4. This cold air is warmed by the equatorial heat. This cold air

also expands and must rise.

5. This pattern is a cycle. Air almost always moves toward the

equator on the surface and away from it at high altitudes.

6. Hot and cold air flow in this cycle. Our atmosphere is

continually in motion.

On Your Own Summarize the information given in the preceding

exercise by answering these questions in your own words.

1. Why is the area around the equator the hottest part of our

atmosphere?

2. Why does the atmosphere move in a cycle?

Exercise 35:

Combine the following sentences, using because,

since, therefore, thus, as a result, consequently, accordingly, and for

this reason. Use each at least once. Change words and add

punctuation when necessary.

The Earth's Rotation and Weather

Example:The rotation of the earth and its atmosphere affects air

patterns. Air does not move directly north and south.

The rotation of the earth and its atmosphere affects

Air patterns; as a result, air does not move directly

North and south.

1. Outer space is frictionless. The earth's atmosphere moves at the

same speed as the earth.

2. The earth's circumference at the equator is almost 25,000 miles.

The air at the equator travels 25,000 miles each day.

3. There is little surface wind at the equator. The earth and the

air move at the same speed.

4. Away from the equator, the surface speed of the earth decreases.

The earth's circumference grows smaller toward the two poles.

5. Away from the equator, the air and the earth do not move at

the same speed. The midlatitude winds are born.

6. Wind patterns become extremely complicated. The earth's

surface affects wind patterns.

T. The oceans and mountains break wind patterns. High-altitude

winds going to the poles can lose their heat.

8. These high-altitude winds lose their heat. These high-altitude

winds sink and mix with the surface winds below.

On Your Own Summarize the information given in the preceding

exercise by answering these questions in your own words.

1. Why is there normally little wind at the equator?

2. Why do winds develop away from the equator?

3. What are three factors that affect wind patterns?

Exercise 36:

Each selection uses transitions of contrast. Rewrite

the sentences in bold type to include clauses with although, even

though, though, while, where, or whereas.

Fog

The earth cools at night, and water vapor condenses in

damp areas, such as river valleys, producing fog. We call it

by a different name; nevertheless, fog is simply a cloud that

Forms near the ground. Clouds are formed when warm air

rises and is cooled; on the other hand, fog is formed when

Air cools near the ground or ocean.

Cirrus Clouds

Because high-altitude winds pull cirrus clouds apart, these

wispy clouds often look like spider webs. Cirrus clouds

often mean warm weather; however, they are the coldest

clouds.Because they often rise to heights of 40,000 feet, the

moisture contained in cirrus clouds is frozen into ice

crystals.

Clouds and Oceans

Because the land and the sea affect clouds differently,

sailors often use clouds to help navigate. Clouds will often

form over land; the skies out at sea, on the contrary, will

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1136