Attributive clauses.

1.Restrictive relative attributive clauses as arule are not
separated from the principal clause by stops.

You may be sure every smuggler in the Apennines will do for a man who was in the Savigno revolt what he will not do for us. (Voynich)

2. Non-restrictive relative attributive clauses are as a rule
separated from the principal clause by a comma.

Tom presented himself before Aunt Polly, who was sitting by an open window. (Twain)

I turned hastily round, and found at my elbow a pretty little girl, who begged to be directed to a certain street at a consid­erable distance. (Dickens)

3. Continuative attributive clauses are always separated from
the principal clause by a comma.

Oliver was frightened at the sight of so many gentlemen, which made him tremble: and the "beadle gave him another tap behind, which made him cry. (Dickens)

4. Appositive attributive clauses are never separated from the
principal clause by a stop.

The thought that his adored daughter should learn of that old scandal hurt his pride too much. (Galsworthy) She paused with an uneasy sense that instead of defending Kath she was providing ammunition against her. (Lindsay)

§ 17. Adverbial clauses.

1. When an adverbial clause follows the principal clause, no
stop is generally used. When it precedes the principal clause, it is
separated from it by a comma.

The solicitor addressed me as he descended the stair (Ch. Bronte)

He sank into a silence so profound that Aunt Hester began to be

afraid he had fallen into a trance. (Galsworthy)

He drew the blanket over his head that he might not hear.

(Voynich)

When Phyl called to see how Pearl was getting on, she found

her still curled up sulkily in her arm-chair. (Lindsay)

Though I had now extinguished my candle and was laid down

in bed, I could not sleep. (Ch. Bronte)

If any shareholder has any question to put, I shall be glad to

answer it. (Galsworthy)

2. An adverbial clause of result coming after the principal clause,
which is usually the case, is often separated by a comma.

The thicket was as close as a brush; the ground very treacherous, so that we often sank in the most terrifying manner. (Stevenson)

ADDITIONAL REMARKS

§ 18. If in a complex sentence there are two or more homo­geneous clauses, they are separated from each other by a comma.

When dusk actually closed, and when Adele left me to go and play in the nursery with Sophie, I did not keenly desire it. (Ch. Bronte)

§ 19. At the end of every kind of declarative non-exclamatory sentence —simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex — a full stop is used.

Young Jolyon poured out the tea. (Galsworthy)

All the life and expression had gone out of his face; it was

like a waxen mask. (Voynich)

They turned back towards the bridge over which the Cardinal's

carriage would have to pass. (Voynich)

§ 20. At the end of a sentence expressing a question, real or rhetorical, a note of interrogation is used.

Do you recognize that letter? (Voynich) . Is this a dagger that I see before me? (Shakespeare)

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A note of interrogation is used at the end of sentences con­taining questions even if the order of words is that of an affir­mative sentence.

And he wants you to live on cocoa too? (Galsworthy) You deny that it is in your writing? (Voynich)

§ 21. At the end of exclamatory sentences a note of exclama­tion is used.

It's a lie! (Voynich)

What a beautiful voice that man has! (Voynich)

§ 22. To indicate a sudden stop in the thought a dash ar two dashes are used.

Oh! how I wish — But what is the use of wishing? (Fowler)

"Oh, well," he said, "it's such a long time since-- " He faltered.

He stopped. (Mansfield)

It should be noted that the use of most stops largely depends on the will of the writer.

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1174