A HISTORY OF UPS AND DOWNS

Records show what tools and cutlery were being made in Sheffield as long ago as the 13th century. The city not only produced steel and made metal goods, but also pioneered the processes by which they were made; for example, the first stainless steel was produced in 1913.

The first large-scale works in Sheffield each employed up to 500 workers. But these were dwarfed by the massive steel and engineering works that grew up in the east of the city after the 1860s. During its peak Sheffield was producing 40% of all British-made steel and 50% of all that made in Europe.

The metal industries were severely hit in the late 1970s and 1980s. There was overcapacity in Europe, and the government of 1979 was not prepared to continue subsidising the industry.

After the 13-week national steel strike in 1980, the steel, engineering and metal manufacturing industries suffered huge redundancies. In 1981, there were 27.000 jobs in steel production in Sheffield and 43,000 in engineering and metal manufacturing. By 1991, there were just 7,000 jobs in steel and fewer than 30,000 in engineering and metal manufacturing.

Although heavy industry now plays a much reduced role, for the past six years Sheffield has had the fastest growing city economy outside London.

1. Sheffield was for a long time a leader in the production of steel.

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2. The factories built in the east of Sheffield after 1860 were larger than the earlier ones.

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3. At its height, Sheffield was producing almost all of the steel produced in Europe.

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4. After 1979, the British government agreed to put money into the steel industry.

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5. The steel strike in 1980 was part of a General Strike all over Britain.

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6. Between 1981 and 1991, the number of job losses in the steel industry was greater than in the engineering and metal industries.

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7. In the last six years, the steel firms in Sheffield have gone out of business.

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Points) Business Documents . Choose the document the manager is referring to. Write in your answer into the box.

“The first thing I do when I get into the office is get myself a coffee and check the morning … .”

X 3 points) Business documents. Read the memo and catalogue list below. Complete the order form. Write a word or phrase (in CAPITAL LETTERS) or a number on lines 1-5 in the box.

Memorandum

To

From

Lucy,

Lucy Yates Bill Sherman

Can you please order some extra stationery for the reps' conference next week? Have a look at the Pens and More catalogue - they seem to be the best. We need enough for 10 reps, I suggest you get some A4 notepads, ballpoint pens, and ring binder files - one for each of the reps. Can you please also order 6 black marker pens and 50 OHP transparencies for me?

Thanks.

X 2 points) Business Documents. Read the text about the recruitment process and complete it with the words and expressions from the list. Write your answers (letters A, B, C, D, E or F) in the boxes.

A contract can be defined as 'an (1) … between two or more parties to create legal (2) … between them'. Some contracts are made (3) …: in other words, they are (4) … and sealed (stamped) by the parties involved. Most contracts are made (5) … or (6) ...

a: in writing

b: agreement

c: signed

d: ‘under seal’

e: obligations

f: verbally

2.4.1. (2 x 3 points) Meetings. Look at the agenda for a decision-making meeting and decide what statements were made at stage 1. Tick (√) your answer(s) (letters A, B, C, D, or E) in the boxes.

a: Our aim is to find out if there’s a good chance of success.

b: One option would be to do detailed market research.

c: We are here to decide whether to go ahead with this project.

d: The most important thing is: can we make this profitable?

e: The advantage of doing market research is we reduce risk.

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1296