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Present Progressive TenseLearner Development Series Grammar Bridge To First Certificate English (revision course) Radislav MILLROOD and Inna MAKSIMOVA Tambov 2004 University of Tambov Press Contents Foreword . 0. Grammar Check-In . Verb Tenses 1.1. Present Simple Tense . 1.2. Present progressive Tense . 1.3. Present Perfect Tense . 1.4. Present Perfect Progressive Tense . 1.5. Past Simple Tense .. 1.6. Past Progressive Tense .. 1.7. Past Perfect Tense . 1.8. Past Perfect Progressive Tense . 1.9. Future Simple Tense and Futurity 1.10. Future Progressive Tense .. 1.11. Future Perfect Tense . Passive Voice. 2.1. All tenses in the Passive Voice . Modal Verbs 3.1. Can and Be able to 3.2. Must, Have to, Should, Ought to, Need to, Be to . 3.3. May, Might, Will, Would, Shall 3.4. Phrasal modals .. 3.5. Contrastive use of modal verbs . Conditionals Zero conditional, First conditional, Second Conditional, Third conditional, Mixed conditional, Phrase conditional . Gerund and Infinitive. 5.1. Gerund and Infinitive use .. Noun 6.1. Singular and Plural with Quantifiers . 6.2. Articles .. Prepositions. 7.1. Prepositions with nouns, adjectives and verbs .. Phrasal Verbs. 8.1. Phrasal verbs with idiomatic meaning Adjectives and Adverbs Adjectives and adverbs, word order, degrees and similes The Sentence 10.1. Reported speech, questions, sentence links, conjunctions, relative clauses Grammar Check-out 11.1. Verb Tenses 11.2. Passive Voice .. 11.3. Modal Verbs 11.4. Conditionals 11.5. Gerund and Infinitive . 11.6. Noun 11.7. Prepositions . 11.8. Phrasal Verbs .. 11.9. Adjectives and Adverbs 11.10. The Sentence Foreword This book "Grammar Bridge to First Certificate English" has been designed as a revision course for school leavers and University students who want to revise English grammar, upgrade their knowledge and receive a quality training towards language testing at the internationally recognised First Certificate Level. The level of difficulty in this book corresponds to B2 in the Common European Framework (CEF).
The book being a revision course can be most effectively used after the students have taken a regular course of English grammar as part of their curriculum and feel the need to revise their grammar knowledge as well as to develop test-taking skills.
The book aims at training students in English grammar and preparing them towards taking high stake exams, including not only normative grammar areas, but also cases of conversational language use, knowledge of collocations and phraseology, phrasal verbs and idiomatic language, lexical awareness and grammar in context.
The book is organised in units, each given to a particular grammar area, such as "verb tenses", "passive voice", "modal verbs", "conditionals", "gerund and infinitive", "noun", "preposition", "phrasal verbs", "adjectives and adverbs", "the sentence".
The initial and final units with testing tasks are a referred to as "grammar check-in" and "grammar check-out". These units will help learners to measure the "value" that they will have been able to gain taking this course.
Working on this book the students will analyse language samples, work with illustrative cases of grammar use, engage in formal, functional and meaningful drill, perform structure and discourse-based tasks, check their grammar competence in a variety of testing formats.
Testing tasks in this book will ask learners for more than they will be able to give by limiting themselves to "Grammar Bridge to First Certificate English" alone. It will be important to broaden one's mind combining this book with other resources at the First Certificate English level.
"Grammar Bridge to First Certificate English" is the book for those who have learned English and are willing to continue to do the language towards successful high stake exams.
Grammar Check-in 0.1. Choose the correct form by crossing out the wrong element. 1. The lesson started in/on time as usual 2. My brother is sleeping/sleeps in the kitchen while the guests are here. 3. Never in his life Dennis has/has Dennis visited Siberia. 4. Tom, you are/are being very rude to me. 5. My grandfather got used to walking/walk 5 miles a day. 6. The situation became/was becoming increasingly confusing. 7. No sooner had the alarm gone off when/than the police arrived. 8. They were/had been cooking and the smell of food was still in the air. 9. Are we going/shall we go together? - Yes, let's. 10.Ted is going/about to win this championship training so hard. 11.The tourists will come/be coming in groups and keep you busy the whole day. 12.Jessie will do/have done the editing by the end of the day.
0.2. Re-write the sentences by using the given words and leaving the meaning intact. E.g. Unfortunately, they did not fulfil the task to the end. (left) - Unfortunately, the task was left unfinished.
0.3. Read the text and tick off correct lines with 4 Write in the space provided the extra (incorrectly used) elements. The beginning has been done for you.
0.4. Fill-in the gaps in the text by making correct choices. In the past the first alcoholic drink was ( 1 ) by many as an important rite of becoming an adult ( 2 ) after eighteen. Now the first sips of alcohol are ( 3 ) likely to be taken by drinkers who are no older than eleven. Statistics ( 4 ) it that in the UK a thirteen year old Briton is more likely to be a regular drinker of alcohol ( 5 ) not. Unfortunately, many adults put ( 6 ) with it. They'd rather prefer not to notice than ( 7 ) and some teachers even take school children to a pub ( 8 ). This becomes even more common ( 9 ). The drinkers are getting younger and alcohol ( 10 ) develops sooner. Psychologists say that drinking is consistent with culture where alcohol is regarded as ( 11 ) to relax, to become self-assertive and to find solutions to their problems. What makes the matters ( 12 ) is that mass media often encourages young people to drink more by advertising new beverages. ( 13 ) drinking is becoming a national problem in many countries. With heavy drinking many cities and towns turn into much less ( 14 ) places and nobody knows what the drunk kids are ( 15 ) to. A new popular type of drinks ( 16 ) fruit based fizzy drinks with alcohol that tastes sweet but still causes intoxication. The drinkers do not notice that the sweet liquid is turning them ( 17 ). In permissive culture there is no shame to get so drunk that you cannot stand up ( 18 ) the end of the evening. This gives ( 19 ) to a very serious concern. Not only one's body but also brain and the whole of reproductive system ( 20 ) be damaged by binge drinking. It is important that parents and schools keep teenagers ( 21 ) from tasting alcohol early before it is too late.
1. A/ viewed B/ looked C/ stared D/ seemed 2. A/ sometimes B/ sometime C/ at time D/ in time 3. A/ less B/ not C/ even D/ more 4. A/ has B/ have C/ say D/ tells 5. A/ or B/ if C/ than D/ then 6. A/ off B/ up C/ down D/ away 7. A/ to intervene B/ intervening C/ intercede D/ interceding 8. A/ for beer B/ to beer C/ to a beer D/ for a beer 9. A/ at a college B/ in a college C/ at college D/ in college 10. A/ addiction B/ abduction C/ production D/ addition 11. A/ means B/ method C/ a way D/ a road 12. A/ worth B/ worthy C/ verse D/ worse 13. A/ Bingo B/ Binge C/ Banjo D/ Bungee 14. A/ safe B/ safer C/ dangerous D/ risky 15. A/ up B/ off C/ on D/ in 16. A/ is combined B/ combines C/ combining D/ combine 17. A/ drinking B/ drank C/ drink D/ drunk 18. A/ in B/ for C/ on D/ at 19. A/ raise B/ raze C/ rise D/ rising 20. A/ can B/ could C/ must D/ should 21. A/ off B/ out of C/ away D/ over
0.5. Complete the text by closing gaps with only one word or word form in each case.
VERB TENSES 1.1. Present Simple Tense: V (Vs) E.g. I do John does Does Mary do ? We do not do 1.1.1. Study the list of meanings expressed with the help of Present Simple Tense and give your own examples.
1.1.2. Match grammar structures with their meaning.
1.1.3. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate choice. Explain the difference. 1. All the rivers to the oceans 2. The train usually on time 3. The scene with a quarrel between the two gangs. 4. The refugees on miserable wages that they can earn. 5. The plane at 10.50 a.m. 6. The Earth around the Sun. 7. She never more than 750 calories a day. 8. Jackson of the car and the police are already there. 9. You a glass of flour and add two eggs.
1 A/ go B/ flow C/ travel D/ move 2 A/ goes B/ comes C/ arrive D/ becomes 3 A/ starts B/ open C/ begin D/ shows 4 A/ last B/ live C/ survive D/ exist 5 A/ takes up B/ goes up C/ takes off D/ flies 6 A/ revolves B/ circles C/ rounds D/ travel 7/ A/ takes B/ eats C/ consumes D/ buys 8 A/ comes out B/ leaves C/ gets off D/ moves 9 A/ put B/ sift C/ give D/ take
1.1.4. Fill the gaps in the text below. Use one word only in each case. Our clothes can soon (1 ) as accessories for computer technology, experts say. Young people may want to (2 ) clothes as part of computer gadgets. Such clothes can become a must for those who (3 ) computers all the time. Wearing computer devices on you (4 ) your life easier. This is what fashion specialists (5 ) about wearable computers. Just as young people (use) headphones and (6 ) to the non-stop music they may want to use computer while jogging. Headsets with tiny screens attached to glasses (7 ) wearers to see a computer screen. Many still (8 ) this expensive and unnecessary and argue that a computer in a backpack (9 ) a better job. Yet, many (10 ) to wear computers and do not want others to (11 ) it. More and more computer devices (12 ) out of their plastic boxes and go into clothing. The intention is to (13 ) garments with electronic components in them and (14 ) young people to buy it.
1.1.5. GRAMMAR-GLOSS. Read the text only once about soccer in America, then mask it and write a free version of what you have read in the space provided. Focus on the use of Present Simple (you can use other tenses as well). Most Americans show little interest in soccer. many people in the United States still have no idea how to play the game. The American public does not show much interest in this kind of sports and think that American football, baseball and basketball are more popular pastimes. Yet, the United States Soccer Federation says about eighteen-million people today play soccer in the United States. Those who play are very young. Seventy-eight percent are under the age of eighteen. some experts say it is these children who can make the sport popular in the United States. It is popular with children because almost anyone can play. There are teams for girls, boys, older children and young adults. Many Americans develop interest in soccer because their children play. There is even a new American expression "Soccer Mom". this is a mother who spends a lot of time driving her children to soccer games in the family car. The United States Soccer Federation trains children to improve their playing skills. It provides special training for young players at soccer camps during the summer. Meanwhile, soccer fans in the United States hope that young soccer players grow up to play the world's most popular sport).
1.1.6. Elicit at least five rules that participants in the game known to you usually observe. Use "always", "never", "as usual", "sometimes" etc. Present Progressive Tense Am/ is/ are + Ving E.g. I am doing John is doing Are they doing ? We are not doing 1.2.1. Study the list of meanings expressed with the help of Present Progressive Tense and give your own examples.
1.2.2. Match grammar structures with their meaning.
1.2.3. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate choice. Explain the difference. 1. Birds south every time I look at the sky. 2. I in the kitchen as the apartment is being redecorated. 3. This young man is always 4. Global climate warmer by the year. 5. You are , I must say. 6. My secretary is you up at a quarter to nine tomorrow morning. 7. In this picture I am a horse.
1. A/ return B/ are returning C/ turn D/ are turning 2. A/ am sleeping B/ sleep C/ am eating D/ eat 3. A/ losing keys B/ finding money C/ giving smiles D/ helping 4. A/ is beginning B/ becomes C/ is growing D/ grows 5. A/ insincere B/ being insincere C/ frank D/ being frank 6. A/ taking B/ picking C/ putting D/ driving 7. A/ climbing B/ mounting C/ rising D/ raising
1.2.4. Fill the gaps in the text below with verbs. Use the words given by changing the form if necessary.
1.2.5. GRAMMAR-GLOSS. Read the text only once, then mask it and write a free version of what you have read in the space provided. Focus on Present Progressive (you can use other tenses as well). Scientists say that sea ice is thinning across the Arctic. This discovery is based upon almost twenty years of studies and is adding more understanding of the global warming processes. These developments can have dangerous implications for climate on Earth. Explorers report a 43% thinning of ice. This agrees with results of research done by many teams. They all warn that the climate is getting warmer with serious consequences for mankind. Numerous pictures made from space confirm that the ice is getting thinner and is even disappearing in some places. The overall thickness of ice is decreasing and this means that the amount of water is rising on the surface. The direct effect of this is that the risk of water-floods in the sea-front areas is becoming higher. Most scientists are convinced that human activities are responsible for the thinning of the Arctic ice, though not all. Others say that the ice is thinning as part of the natural warming-cooling cycles on the planet. In any case, the climate is changing and the Earth is now receiving more heat from the Sun than before. This alone can have serious implications for life on Earth.
1.2.6. Visualise in your mind's eye the picture of a forest fire made from an aeroplane and describe what you see.
Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1316
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