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SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

Living in the era of rapid technological change we can say for sure that everything we have and successfully use in all the spheres of our life has been achieved due to science. Science is extremely important and it develops the world.

What is science? Very often scientists don't think much of the definition but they are more interested in doing scientific work and carrying out different research and experiments. Just ordinary people being not deeply involved in the process of scientific work imagine science as something exact, well organized and logically.To be more exact science (from Latin scientia - knowledge) is most commonly defined as the investigation or study of nature through observation and reasoning, aimed at finding out the truth. The term science also refers to the organized body of knowledge humans have gained by by such research.

Science may be roughly divided into the physical science, the earth sciences, and the life sciences.

The physical sciences include physics, chemistry, and | astronomy.

Physics as a branch of science includes the study of matter, energy, and the relation between them. It was called natural philosophy. It is still known by this name at a few universities. Physics is in some senses the oldest and mod basic pure science. Its discoveries find applications throughout the natural sciences, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of the natural world.

Chemistry, organic chemistry is most simply defined as the study of the compounds of carbon. Inorganic chemistry is the study of chemical elements and their compounds.

Astronomy is a branch of science that studies the motions and natures of space bodies, such as planets, stars, and galaxies; more generally, the study of matter and energy in the universe at large. Astronomy is the oldest of the physical sciences. In many early civilizations the regularity of space motions was recognized, and attempts were made to keep records and predict future events.

The earth sciences (sometimes considered a part of the physical sciences) include geology, paleontology, oceanography, and meteorology.

Geology is a science of the earth's history, its composition and structure.

Paleontology is a science that studies the life of past geologic periods based on fossil remain.

Oceanography is a study of the seas and oceans.

Meteorology is a branch of science that deals with the at­mosphere of a planet, particularly that of the earth, the most Important application of which is the analysis and prediction of weather.

The life sciences include all the branches of biology.

Biology is the science that deals with living things. It is broadly divided into zoology, the study of animal life, and botany, the study of the plant life.

Modern Science and Technology.

The technological advances of modern science, have affected virtually every aspect of life. The electronics industry, born in the early 20lh century, has created a complex device - a computer. The

electronic computer has become one of the кеу tools of modern industry. Electronics has also been fundamental in developing new communication devices (radio, television, and laser). In transportation there has been a similar leap of amazing range, from the automobile and the early airplane to the modern supersonic jet and the giant rocket that has taken astronauts to the moon. Perhaps the most overwhelming aspect of modern science is not its accomplishments but its magnitude in terms of money, equipment, numbers of workers, range of activity, and impact on society as a whole. Never before in history has science played such a dominant role in so many areas.

Discuss in pairs topics related to the theme:

1. Who has laid the foundation basis for all modern technology?

2. What great scientists (of the present and past) do you know?

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1298