Part 2 could and wasable 5 page

24 It is absurd that women . . . be paid less than men for doing the same work.

25 1... rather you asked him. Last time I tried to speak to him he . . . not listen.

26 When he went out he left the radio on so that his parents . . . think that he was still in

his room.

27 He was determined that his children . . . go to the best schools available.

28 Tom says you arc foolish to take such a risk. ~
He ...! {That is typical of him.)

29 When four hours had passed and there was still no sign of him she began to be worried lest he . . . have met with some accident.

30 People are very fond of saying, This . . . be stopped', or,

'Something . . . be done about this', but if they were the government they . . . not know

how to stop it or what to do about it.

31 It is amazing that the Leaning Tower of Pisa . . . have stood for so long.

32 He resigned from the government in order that everyone . . . know that he disapproved

of the new policy.

33 If I had had his education and he had had mine perhaps I . . . be sitting at his desk and

he . . . be out here sweeping the streets,

34 He was a terribly obstinate child, who . . . never obey the simplest order, but . . . argue

every point till she nearly went mad.

35 Robinson said, 'Why . . . Smith get all the credit when someone else has done all the

work?'

36 All day he... sit in his office immaculately dressed, but at night he . . . put on dirty

ragged clothing and roam about the streets with disreputable companions.

Conditionals

Conditional sentences: type I
PEG 221

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1 If I see him I (give) him a lift.

2 The table will collapse if you (stand) on it.

3 If he (eat) all that he will be ill.

4 If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once.

5 The police (arrest) him if they catch him.

6 If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes.

7 Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.

8 What will happen if my parachute (not open)?

9 If he (wash) my car I'll give him Ј10.

10 If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine.

11 If you (not go) away I'll send for the police.

12 I'll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes.

13 If he (be) late we'll go without him.

14 She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this.

15 If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea.

16 If you give my dog a bone he (bury) it at once.

17 If we leave the car here it (not be) in anybody's way.

18 He'll be late for the train if he (not start) at once.

19 If you come late they (not let) you in.

20 If he (go) on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says.

21 Unless he (sell) more he won't get much commission.

22 If I lend you Ј10 when you (repay) me?

23 We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher.

24 If he (work) hard today can he have a holiday tomorrow?

25 Ice (turn) to water if you heat it.

26 If the house (burn) down we can claim compensation.

27 If you (not like) this one I'll bring you another.

28 Unless you are more careful you (have) an accident.

29 Tell him to ring me up if you (see) him.

30 If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else?

31 If you (not believe) what I say, ask your mother.

32 If he (like) the house will he buy it?

33 If you will kindly sit down I (make) enquiries for you.

34 Unless I have a quiet room I (not be able) to do anywork.

35 She won't open the door unless she (know) who it is.

36 Should you require anything else please (ring) the bell for the attendant.

Conditional sentences: type 2
PEG 222

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1 If I had a typewriter I (type) it myself.

2 If I (know) his address I'd give it to you.

3 He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often.

4 If you (play) for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much.

5 If he worked more slowly he (not make) so many mistakes.

6 I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) you.

7 More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate.

8 If I were sent to prison you (visit) me?

9 If someone (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it?

10 I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money.

11 If he (clean) his windscreen he'd be able to see where he was going.

12 If you drove your car into the river you (be able) to get out?

13 If you (not belong) to a union you couldn't get a job.

14 If I (win) a big prize in a lottery I'd give up my job.

15 What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house?

16 I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek.

17 If everybody (give) Ј1 we would have enough.

18 He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.

19 If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come).

20 If you (see) someone drowning what would you do?

21 I (be) ruined if I bought her everything she asked for.
- 22 If you slept under a mosquito net you (not be) bitten so often.

23 I could get a job easily if I (have) a degree.

24 If she (do) her hair differently she might look quite nice.

25 If we had more rain our crops (grow) faster.

26 The whole machine would fall to pieces if you (remove) that screw

27I (keep) a horse if I could afford it. '

28 I'd go and see him more often if he (live) on a bus route.

29 If they (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches there might be less violence.

30 I (offer) to help if I thought I'd be any use. '

31 What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors?

32 If you (paint) the walls white the room would be much brighter.

33 If you (change) your job would it affect your pension?

34 If you knew you had only six weeks to live how you (spend) those six weeks?

35 You wouldn't have so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly.

36 I'd climb over the wall if there (not be) so much broken glass on t of it.

Conditional sentences: type 3
PEG 223
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1 If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you.

2 The ground was very soft. But for that, my horse (win).

3 If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat.

4 You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week.

5 But for his quickness I (be) killed.

6 I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.

7 If he had slipped he (fall) 500 metres.

8 If he had asked you, you (accept)?

9 If I (had) a map I would have been all right.

10 If I (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake.

11 I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.

12 If you had left that wasp alone it (not sting) you.

13 If I (realize) what a bad driver you were I wouldn't have come with you.

14 If I had realized that the traffic lights were red I (stop).

15 But for the fog we (reach) our destination ages ago.

16 If you had told me that he never paid his debts I (not lend) him the money.

17 If you (not sneeze) he wouldn't have known that we were there.

18 If you (put) some mustard in the sandwiches they would have tasted better.

19 The hens (not get) into the house if you had shut the door.

20 If he had known that the river was dangerous he (not try) to swim across it.

21 If you (speak) more slowly he might have understood you.

22 If he had known the whole story he (not be) so angry.

23 I shouldn't have eaten it if I (know) that there was ginger in it.

24 If I (try) again I think that I would have succeeded.

25 You (not get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions.

26 If you hadn't been in such a hurry you (not put) sugar into the sauce instead of salt.

27 If I (be) ready when he called he would have taken me with him.

28 She had a headache; otherwise she (come) with us.

29 If she had listened to my directions she (not turn) down the wrong street.

30 If you (look) at the engine for a moment you would have seen what was missing.

31 Rome (be captured) by her enemies if the geese hadn't cackled.

32 He would have been arrested if he (try) to leave the country.

33 I (take) a taxi if I had realized that it was such a long way.

34 You (save) me a lot of trouble if you had told me where you were going.

35 They would have forced their way into the house if I (not call) for help.

36 If he had put out his pipe before putting it in his pocket he (not burn) a hole in his coat.

Conditional sentences: mixed types
PEG 221– 6

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1 If you (find) a skeleton in the cellar don't mention it to anyone.

2 If you pass your examination we (have) a celebration.

3 What (happen) if I press this button?

4 I should have voted for her if I (have) a vote then.

5 If you go to Paris where you (stay)?

6 If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose)?

7 The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.

8 If the milkman (come) tell him to leave two pints.

9 Someone (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there.

10 You would play better bridge if you (not talk) so much.

11 What I (do) if I hear the burglar alarm?

12 If you (read) the instructions carefully you wouldn't have answered the wrong question.

13 I could repair the roof myself if I (have) a long ladder.

14 Unless they turn that radio off I (go) mad.

15 If you were made redundant what you (do)?

16 We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here.

17 If you shake that bottle of port it (not be) fit to drink.

18 I'll probably get lost unless he (come) with me.

19 You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.

20 If you (wear) a false beard nobody would have recognized you.

21 If she (leave) the fish there the car will get it.

22 Unless they leave a lamp beside that hole in the road somebody into it.

23 You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) your wet clothes.

24 If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus I (not buy) it.

25 If they (hang) that picture lower people would be able to see it.

26 She (be able) to walk faster if her shoes hadn't such high heels.

27 I (bring) you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.

28 If you had touched that electric cable you (be) electrocuted.

29 If the story hadn't been true the newspaper (not print) it.

30 I (not buy) things on the installment system if I were you.

31 Dial 999 if you (want) Police, Ambulance, or Fire Brigade.

32 You (not be) any use to me unless you learn to type.

33 If anyone attacked me, my dog (jump) at his throat.

34 If he were in he (answer) the phone.

35 The ship would have run aground if the pilot (make) one mistake.

36 I shouldn't have taken your umbrella if I (know) that it was the only one you had.

Conditional sentences: mixed types
PEG 221-6

Finish these sentences, taking care to use the correct tenses.

1 If he had taken my advice . . .

2 If you ate less . . .

3 We'll send for the doctor if . . .

4 If she practised more . . .

5 If there isn't enough wine in that bottle . . .

6 If you had checked the petrol before we started . . .

7 This clock wouldn't have run down if . . .

8 Try on the blue one if . . .

9 If these gates are locked . . .

10 If we leave before breakfast . . .

11 If the river rises any higher . . .

12 Her life might have been saved if . . .

13 If the volcano starts erupting ...

14 The grass would look better if . . .

15 Unless it isa nice day . ..

16 If you don't put enough stamps on a letter, the person who gets it . . .

17 He would lend it to you if . . .

18 Unless this hotel gets another cook . . .

19 If the storm becomes worse . . .

20 If your uncle sees you . . .

21 If you tried to climb it without a guide . . .

22 If you didn't shake the camera so much, your photographs . . .

23 I'd have brought my coat . . .

24 If (=as) you don't like the picture . . .

25 He would have given her diamonds if . . .

26 If you had asked his permission . . .

27 If the fire had been noticed earlier . . .

28 If you had any sense . . .

29 You would have been angry if . . .

30 If he had put the flowers into water at once . . .

31 I should have ordered more coal if . . .

32 If you leave the gate open . . .

33 You will have to go to the dentistif. . .

34 He would have been drowned if . . .

35 If I'd had a car . . .

36 If Tom rings while I'm out . . .

Mixed tenses and verb forms
PEG 221-6, 283-4

Conditional forms are used in requests.
Fill the gaps in the following dialogue with a suitable verb form.

Telephone conversation .

1 Ann: .. .I... to Mr Wash, please?

2 Wash: Wash . . .

3 Ann: Good morning, Mr Wash. This is Ann Jones of 10 Cyprus Road. . . . you come and . . . my windows one Saturday this month?

4 Wash: I'm afraid 1... (negative). The next six Saturdays are ahead booked.

5 But I... ...on Wednesday morning.

6 Ann: . . . you . . . very early on Wednesday? I leave at 8.15 on weekdays.

7 Wash: I... ...to you by 8.30. . . . that be early enough?

8 Ann: No, it ...! There . . . be nobody to let you in.
I... the flat at 8.15.

9 Wash: Oh 8.15! 1... you... 8.30!

10 Well, I suppose 1... ...to you by 8.00 as you're an old customer.
But I . . . (negative) . . . a habit of it.

11 It means . . . breakfast at 6 and my wife . . . (negative) that.

12 She . . . always . . . to persuade me to give up window— . . . as it.
She . . . it's dangerous.

13 Ann: What . . . she . . . you . . . instead?

14 Wash: Her father has a shop and she... ...me... ...in it.

15 She ...it... be a nice steady job with regular hours,

16 And if 1... in a shop she ... ... where I was.

17 Ann: And. . . you really . , . of giving it up?

18 Wash: No, I . . . the life. At least, I . . . it in summer.

19 Besides, I ... ... bored working in a shop.

20 Well, . . . Wednesday at 8.00 . . . you then, Miss Jones?

21 Ann: Yes, it . . . be splendid. It's very good of you . . . . . . so early.

22I . . . let you in and you can . . . yourself out.

23 You . . . shut the door carefully after you, . . . (negative interrogative) you?

24 Wash: Yes, of course 1....I always .... Goodbye, Miss Jones.

Infinitive

Full or bare infinitive
PEG 246

Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.

1 He made me (do) it all over again.

2 She can (sing) quite well.

3 He will be able (swim) very soon.

4 I used (live) in a caravan.

5 You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow.

6 You needn't (say) anything. Just nod your head and he will (understand).

7 I want (see) the house where our president was born.

8 He made her (repeat) the message.

9 May I (use) your phone?

10 You needn't (ask) for permission; you can (use) it whenever you like.
11 If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once.

12 I couldn't (remember) his address.
13 You'll be able (do) it yourself when you are older.

14 Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end?
15 They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined.
16 How dare you (open) my letters!

17 He didn't dare (argue) with his boss.
18 I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day.

19 Will you help me (move) the bookcase?
20 He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch.
21 They refused (accept) the bribe.

22 He is expected (arrive) in a few days.
23 Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible.

24 He made us (wait) for hours.
25 Could you (tell) me the time, please?
26 We must (send) him a telegram.
27 I let him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife.

28 Where would you like (have) lunch?

29 You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take) him with you.

30 I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go).

31 We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum.

32 You seem (know) this area very well. ~
Yes, I used (live) here.

33 The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police, and the parents didn't dare

(disobey).

34 Need I (come)? I'd much rather (stay) at home.

35 You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink). (proverb)

36 I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of

the month.

Full or bare infinitive
PEG 246

Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets. (In of the sentences a present participle could be used instead of an infinitive. These alternatives will be noted in the key.)

1 It is easy (be) wise after the event.

2 Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?

3 We don't (want) anybody (know) that we are here.

4 If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up.

5 I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought to (know) it?

6 He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country.

7 Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals.

8 Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?-
I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in. Would you like (speak) to his secretary'

9 It's better (travel) hopefully than (arrive), (proverb)

10 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him.

11 He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt.

12 I heard the door (open) and saw a shadow (move) across the floor.

13 He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother.

14 As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house.

15 I felt the house (shake) with the explosion,

16 He told me (try) (come) early.

17 Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what had seen.

18 Would you (like) (come) in my car? ~

No, thanks. I'd rather (walk).

19 I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off.

20 It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) it under your bed in an old stocking.

21 He doesn't even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them.

22 The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) thesafe.

23 If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something? ~

I didn't like (say) anything because he always gets angry if you contradict him.

24 It's better (be) sure than sorry.

25 What do you (want) me (tell) him? ~

Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted (discuss) the matter with him.

26 Did you remember (give) him the money? ~
No, I didn't, I still have it in my pocket; but I'll (see) him tonight and I promise

(not forget) this time.

27 I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.

28 That is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.

29 I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don't know how (handle) firearms.

30 I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames.

31 There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out.

32 He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village.

33 You may as well (tell) us the truth. It will (be) easy (check) your story.

34 The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go). ~
He must (be) a very old man.

35 It is up to you (learn) the laws of your own country.

36 Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are?

Infinitive represented byto
PEG 247

In each of the following pairs of sentences an infinitive used in the first sentence is repeated in the second. Read the sentences, expressing this second infinitive by to only. Note that where the second infinitive has an object, this word/phrase must be omitted.
Why didn't you tell me the truth the first time?-
I meant to tell you the truth but I was too frightened.
I meant to but I was too frightened.

1 Did you visit the Pyramids? ~
No, I wanted to visit them but there wasn't time.

2 Why do you wear dark glasses? ~
I have to wear them; I have weak eyes.

3 Do you smoke? ~
No, I used to smoke but I don't now.

4 Would you like to go to the theatre tonight? ~
Yes, I'd love to go to the theatre.

5 Why didn't you pay the bill for him? ~
I offered to pay it but he refused.

6 Have you put the car in the garage? ~
No, but I'm just going to put it there.

7 I want you two to apologize to each other. ~

Well. lam willing to apologize it he apologizes first.

8 Did you reserve seats on the train? ~

No. I tried to reserve them but they had all been booked already.

9 Did you answer the letter? ~

No, I intended to answer it but I'm afraid I forgot

10 Why didn't you hit him? ~

I was afraid to hit him.

11 I'd love to spend a night in a haunted room. ~

I'd hate to spend a night in a haunted room.

12 Why didn't you ask your father for the money? ~

I didn't like to ask him.

13 Did you get a chance to fly the aeroplane yourself? ~

No, I wanted to fly it but the pilot wouldn't let me.

14 Why doesn't he punish his boys when they disobey him? ~

He often threatens to punish them but he never actually does so.

15 Why didn't he repair the car himself? ~

He wasn't able to repair it.

16 I used to drink whisky with my meals. ~

I used to drink whisky with my meals also but I don't now.

17 Did you buy sausages?~

No, I meant to buy them but I forgot.

18 Why doesn't he try again?~

He doesn't want to try again.

19 You should visit the Prado when you are in Madrid.~

Yes. I intend to visit it.

20 Why doesn't he play games? ~

His mother doesn't want him to play games.

21 You ought to stop work now. ~

Yes, I am just going to stop.

22 Why do some jockeys carry extra weights?~

They are obliged to carry them by the regulations.
23 Did he help you?~

No, I asked him to help me but he said he hadn't time.

24 You should have thanked her before you left. ~

I meant to thank her but when I was going I couldn't find her anywhere.

25 Why did she put parsley in the soup?~

I told her to put it in.

26 Why didn't he report it to the police?~

He was afraid to report it. He didn't think they'd believe him.

27 Why did he drive so fast? ~

He had to drive fast; otherwise he'd have missed his train.

28 You used to like rice pudding. ~

Yes, I know I used to like it but I don't now.

29 Why didn't you buy the car? ~

I was advised not to buy it.

30 I hope the children won't go near the water. ~
I warned them not to go near it.

31 Why are we trying to get planning permission? ~
We have to get planning permission. It is the law.

32 I meant to work hard. ~
I know you meant to work hard but you didn't.

33 Do the boys tidy their own rooms? ~
They are supposed to tidy them but they don't always.

34 Why didn't he call the police. ~
He wasn't able to call them. His telephone line had been cut.

35 Why did you move your car? ~
The policeman told me to move it.

36 Why did you bring your mother-in-law? I particularly asked you not to bring her.

too/enough/so . . . as with infinitive
PEG 252

Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence usingtoo/enough with infinitive.
It is very cold. We can't go out.
It is too cold for us to go out.
He is strong. He can carry it.
He is strong enough to carry it.

Rewrite numbers 3, 20, and 35 using so . . . as with infinitive.
(enough with infinitive could also be used here, while so . . . as could replaceenough in numbers 9, 24, and 29. These alternatives are given in the key.)

1 You are very young. You can't have a front-door key.

2 It is very cold. We can't bathe.

3 Would you be very kind and answer this letter by return?

4 I am rather old. I can't wear that kind of hat.

5 The ladder wasn't very long. It didn't reach the window.

6 He hadn't much money. He couldn't live on it. (Omit it.)

7 He was furious. He couldn't speak.

8 The fire isn't very hot. It won't boil a kettle.

9 Tom was very foolish. He told lies to the police.

10 You are quite thin. You could slip between the bars.

11 He is very ill. He can't eat anything.

12 Our new car is very wide. It won't get through those gates.

13 The floor wasn't strong. We couldn't dance on it. (Omit it.)

14 I was terrified. I couldn't move.

15 The bull isn't big. He couldn't harm you.

16 The coffee isn't strong. It won't keep us awake.

17 The river is deep. We can't wade it. (Omit it.)

18 He is lazy. He won't get up early.

19 He won't get up early so he never catches the fast train.

20 Would you be very good and forward my letters while I am away?

21 The ice is quite thick. We can walk on it. (Omit it.)

22 He was very drunk. He couldn't answer my question.

23 It is very cold. We can't have breakfast in the garden.

24 He was extremely rash. He set off up the mountain in a thick fog.

25 We aren't very high. We can't see the summit.

26 You aren't very old. You can't understand these things.

27 He was very snobbish. He wouldn't talk to any of us.

28 The package is very thick. I can't push it through the letterbox. (Omit it.)

29 She was very mean. She never gave to charity.

30 He is very impatient. He never listens to anyone.

31 I was very tired. I couldn't walk any further.

32 It's not very dark. We can't see the stars clearly.

33 It was very hot. You could fry an egg on the pavement.

34 The oranges were very bitter. We couldn't eat them. (Omit them.)

35 Would you be very kind and turn down the radio a little?

36 He is very selfish. He wouldn't put himself out for anyone.

Various infinitive constructions
PEG 26-7, 114, 239, 249-50

Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction.

It is important that he should understand this.

It is important/or him to understand this.

He was the first man who arrived.
He was the first man to arrive.

1 The captain was the last man who left the ship.

2 He got to the top and was very disappointed when he found that someone else had

reached it first.

3 The committee have decided to send you to Paris. (You (go) to Par

omit The committee have decided to send.)

4 Would you be very kind and lend me your umbrella?

5 There are a lot of sheets that need mending.

6 I was astonished when I heard that he had left the country.

7 It is better that he should hear it from you.

8 I was rude to him, which was stupid. (It was stupid ...)

9 If he had another child with whom he could play, he would be happier

10 It is necessary that everyone should know the truth.

11 There was no place where we could sit.

12 He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished when he found that his wallet

wasn't there.

13 He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him.

(It was very brave . . .)

14 I can't go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear.

15 It is expected that he will broadcast a statement tonight. (He is expected...)

Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1092