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To Work or not to Work

1. Mark Twain pointed out that if work 1) … so pleasant, the rich 2) … it for themselves. But however much people 3) … think they dislike work, everyone 4) … a deep psychological need for it. Everyone 5) … to be valued, and wages and salaries are the visible proof that we matter.

2. Not all kinds of work qualify, however. No matter how worthwhile or demanding they 6) … be, bringing up children, housework and voluntary employment 7) … not usually … as “proper jobs”. The only “proper” job is one that 8) … paid employment. Being paid for a job in our society 9) … higher personal status.

3. Of course we 10) … also … work to be useful, pleasant and interesting – and also well paid. But you don’t really have to enjoy your work to get pleasure from it. The fact that we 11) … overcome some difficulties, that we … deal with doing routine tasks, in some way 12) … us pleasure.

4. For example, having to be in a particular place at a particular time, working as part of a team towards a common goal, 13) … us a sense of purpose. The modern workplace also provides somewhere where people 14) … assert their identity or create a new one.

5. Without work many people become untidy and lazy, and find they 15) … enjoy the leisure time which is available to them. When some people retire from work, they lose their sense of value and purpose. For most of their lives their personality, self-image and status 16) … by work; without it they lose their interest for life.

6. People who suddenly 17) … their jobs can find the situation particularly difficult. As a single stroke they lose all the advantages and status that a paid job 18) … . In a culture dominated by work, they 19) … by those with jobs as incompetent or lazy. It is little wonder that stress and illness occur more frequently among the unemployed.

7. Employment 20) … now …, however. Information technology 21) … already significantly … the world of work. For many, the idea of a job for life is no longer realistic. Many people fear they 22) … their jobs, and some 23) … to accept the possibility of part-time work. Even the workplace itself may become a thing of the past with more and more people working at home. This means that we 24) … no longer 25) … depend on work to define ourselves and our position in society, and that we 26) … find new ways to give our lives a sense of value and purpose.

 

Task: 1. Retell the text.

2. Give your point of view on the problem discussed.


The Non-Finite Forms of the Verb (The Verbals)

 

There are three verbals in English: the Infinitive, the Gerundandthe Participle.

The verbals (or non-finite forms of the verb), unlike the finite forms of the verb, do not express person, number or mood; therefore they cannot be used as a predicate of a sentence.

Like the finite forms of the verb the verbals have tense and voice distinctions, but the forms that are called tense in the verbals do not show whether the action they denote refers to the present, past or future. They show only whether the action expressed by the verbals coincides with the action of the finite forms of the verb (in the present, past or future), or if it is prior to the action of the finite form of the verb.



The verbals have a double nature, nominal and verbal. The infinitive and the gerund combine the characteristics of a verb with those of a noun; the participle combines the characteristics of a verb with those of an adjective.

All the verbals can form predicative constructions, consisting of two elements, a nominal (noun or pronoun) and a verbal (infinitive, participle or gerund). In most cases predicative constructions form syntactic units, serving as one part of the sentence.

 

The Infinitive

 


Date: 2015-12-11; view: 1150


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Extended Activities | Uses of the Infinitive
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