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TONGUE TRICKSTER
1. Read a magazine article about a type of fruit. Seven sentences have been removed from the text. Imagine drinking a glass of pure, freshly-squeezed lemon juice with nothing added. It’s enough to turn your stomach. 1. ___________________________________________________________________. I watch as one-by-one they down the drink, tentative at first, and then smiling broadly as they declare, “It tastes just like grandma’s lemonade.” Fifty or so people crowd around a table on the rooftop terrace of Larry’s small but swish apartment. I edge my way forward and arrive at the table that positively groans with the array of food piled high. 2. ___________________________________________________________________. My host appears at my shoulder, and says, “Here, have this.” This turns out to be a small red berry about the size of a blueberry, but slightly elongated, the shape of a coffee bean. He looks at the expression on my face. “It’s known as the miracle fruit. Just put it in your mouth,” he instructs, “and chew it slightly to separate the pulp from its seed. 3. ___________________________________________________________________. I obey his command and then discreetly spit the remains into my handkerchief while his glance is averted. “Done?” he asks, turning back to me. I nod. He grabs a glass of the lemon juice from a passing waiter and offers it to me. “Now drink.” I take a small sip, and close my eyes. The guests are right. 4. ___________________________________________________________________. My host states knowingly I have experienced first-hand the phenomenon of the Synsepalum Dulcificum, or the Miracle Fruit. This small berry has the amazing effect of causing bitter or sour foods to taste as sweet as sugar candy. 5. ___________________________________________________________________. When it comes into contact with acidic foods, like vinegar, it starts to behave like a sweetener. A native fruit of West Africa, the fruit was discovered by western explorers around 1725. 6. ___________________________________________________________________. Left uncultivated, the miracle fruit grows in bushes reaching six metres in height. It produces crops twice yearly, usually after the rainy season, and has attractive white flowers. Despite being around for centuries it is only in recent years that the miracle fruit has been cultivated as a potential sweetener. 7. ___________________________________________________________________. Not only that – the fruit can aid patients receiving medical treatment that may leave an unpleasant taste in the mouth.
2. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list A – H for each part (1 – 7) of the article. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
A. These range from wedges of fruit, strong cheeses and pickles to plates of Brussel sprouts.
B. It’s like I’ve been transported back to childhood, sitting on the porch with Grandma and her delicious homemade pop.
C. According to scientists the result happens because of a protein called miraculin.
D. There has been some albeit limited interest from the diet food industry.
E. Then push it around your mouth like you’d do with a piece of gum for about sixty seconds.
F. Yet that is what the guests of host, Larry Walters, are given on their arrival at one of his tasting parties in an upmarket district of New York.
G. Not everyone is a fan of the berry’s strange effect, however.
H. They first noticed its distinctive property when they saw local people chewing the berry before a meal.
Level B 2 PHILIPS SANDWICH MAKER
1. Read a text from an instruction manual. Parts of the text are mixed.
A. Open the sandwich maker after 2-3 minutes and check whether the toasted sandwich is sufficiently “brown”. The cooking time required to obtain crisp brown sandwiches depends on the type of bread, fillings and your personal taste. Use a non-metallic utensil (e.g. wooden spatula) to remove the toasted sandwich from the sandwich maker. Do not use sharp or abrasive kitchen utensils.
B. Unplug the sandwich maker and let it cool down before cleaning. Clean the baking plates with a damp cloth or sponge. Avoid water running into the appliance. Never immerse the appliance into water.
C. Prepare the ingredients for your toasted sandwich. For each sandwich you need two slices of bread and a suitable filling. You can refer to the suggested recipes. To obtain an even golden brown result, you can slightly butter the side of the bread in contact with the plate. Lay the slices of bread with the buttered side on the lower cooking plate, place your filling and cover with the second slices of bread with buttered sides up. You can toast only one sandwich if you wish. For optimal result, fillings should be placed well within the sandwich slices.
D. The sandwich maker has a cord storage feature on the base of the appliance.
E. The appliance can be stored in a vertical position.
F. Remove the wooden spatula from its protective covering. Heat up the hotplates slightly. Rub the stick into the dirty areas.
G. Plug in the sandwich maker and heat up the plates until the green Ready To Cook pilot light goes off. The sandwich maker is ready for use.
H. Lower the upper cooking plate carefully onto the bread until the sandwich maker is tightly clamped.
2. Match the instructions A – H with the pictures (1 – 7). There is one extra part that you do not need to use. Write your answers in the boxes.
1.
4.
7. SUPERFOODS: PROTECT YOUR BODY BY EATING RIGHT
1. Read a news story by San Francisco CBS 5 Dr. Kim Mulvihill. In North Beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night. “Absolutely very super food! “ “I really like the taste” are comments by two diners. But we're not just talking about taste. Research now shows some foods, including tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil – are among the superfoods. Superfoods are packed with powerful chemicals that may offer your body great protection against chronic disease – “Including cancer, obesity, and heart disease. Vibrantly coloured red yellow orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals!” Natalie Ledesma is a registered dietician at U.C.S.F. She says compounds found in superfoods – called phytochemicals – can reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system, and even protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health. On her shopping list? Herbs! “Dark green ones (herbs), like rosemary and thyme. And any intensely coloured spice, like turmeric or red pepper. Both of those have anti-inflammatory properties.” Turmeric may reduce the risk of leukemia, skin, and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon, stomach, and rectal cancers. Also on the list: green veggies, but not just any green veggies. "Brussel sprouts are part of the cruciferous vegetable family that has significant anti-cancer properties," said Ledesma. "That family also has a very favourable effect on hormone metabolism." Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And don't forget the tomato. "It is probably the best source of lycopene, which is one of the phytochemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with prostate and potentially lung and breast cancer as well," said Ledesma. As for fruit, citrus contains Vitamin C, limonoids, and phenols, which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system. Cantaloupes, mangos, and carrots contain cancer-fighting carotenoids. And berries are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid – antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic. "Organic fruits and veggies have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content," she said. Don't forget the fatty fish or flaxseed – both are excellent sources of Omega Three fatty acids that inhibit the growth of cancer cells and boost the immune system, olive oil, which may reduce breast, prostate, or colon cancer, and soy. "Soy has protective effects for heart disease as well as osteoporosis, potentially," Ledesma said. And finally onions, garlic, and shallots. They may protect the heart, fight cancer, and help with asthma. 2. Choose the correct answer. 1. Phytochemicals may a. reduce the risk of cancer. b. boost the immune system. c. protect against heart disease. d. all of the above.
2. Which of the following is not a superfood, according to the article? a. Tomatoes. b. Onions. c. Milk. d. Garlic.
3. Turmeric is a(n) a. spice. b. herb. c. green vegetable. d. fruit.
4. Which foods contain carotenoids? a. Citrus and cantaloupes. b. Cauliflower and cantaloupes. c. Citrus and berries. d. Mangos and carrots.
5. How do omega three fatty acids help the body? a. They have anti-inflammatory properties. b. They inhibit the growth of cancer cells. c. They reduce the risk of prostate cancer. d. They prevent osteoporosis.
6. Which green vegetable is the healthiest, according to Ms. Ledesma? a. Beans. b. Broccoli. c. Lettuce. d. Cucumber.
7. Brussel sprouts are a kind of __________ a. herb. b. spice. c. vegetable. d. fruit.
8. To reduce your risk of catching a viral infection such as a cold, Ms. Ledesma recommend eating __________ a. turmeric. b. brussel sprouts. c. cantaloupe. d. berries.
9. Organic fruits and vegetables a. have higher levels of lycopene. b. have higher levels of phytochemicals. c. both (a) and (b). d. only (b).
10. According to Ms. Ledesma, you do not need to eat _______ to be healthy. a. green herbs b. cruciferous vegetables c. fish or flaxseed d. meat
MICROWAVING
1. Read the text. Six sentences or parts of sentences have been removed. Microwaving is a method of cooking where food is bombarded by microwaves, usually within an appliance called a microwave oven which excite the water, fat and sugar molecules, thereby heating (cooking) both the outside and center of the food at the same time. 1. _____________________________________________________. (A common myth is that a microwave oven cooks from the center of the food outward. This appears to happen because heat generated at the surface escapes more readily from the surface of the food into the surrounding air.) One advantage of microwaving is that small amounts of food can be heated very quickly, making it useful for reheating leftovers. The disadvantage is that food which is microwaved does not undergo some of the chemical reactions, such as browning, which makes the food visually attractive. Primitive microwave ovens often do not cook evenly, leading to a concern that bacteria easily killed by more traditional cooking methods may survive the quick cooking time in "cold spots", though the food item as a whole is cooked to a safe average temperature. 2. _____________________________________________________. Some high-end microwave ovens are combined with a convection oven which basically cook the food using microwave and hot air simultaneously to achieve both the fast cooking time and browning effect. 3. _______________________________________________________________ . However microwave ovens are used in some fast food chains and special microwave bags are available for cooking fowl or large joints of meat. Professional chefs generally recommend using microwaves for a limited set of tasks, including: melting fats (such as butter) and chocolate, cooking grains like oatmeal and grits, cooking rice, thawing frozen meats and vegetables before cooking by other methods and quickly reheating already-cooked foods. Using a microwave to boil water is potentially dangerous, due to superheating. In a microwave, water can be raised quickly to a temperature above the boiling point before major bubbles form, especially if it is purified and in a very clean glass vessel. 4. ____________________________________________________________. This effect is rare, even for scientists who try to deliberately recreate it, and any seed whatsoever for boiling is likely to prevent the problem. Boiling water with, for instance, a teabag already in it will prevent any dangers by providing a seed, as will using a mug that is not perfectly clean. The risk greatly increases when water has already been boiled once in the same container. This situation can occur if the user of the oven boiled the water once, forgot about it, then came back later to boil it again. The first time the water boils, the seed bubbles (microscopic bubbles of air around which larger steam bubbles grow) are used up and largely eliminated from the water as it cools down. When the water is heated again, the lack of seed bubbles causes superheating, and a risk of a steam explosion when the water's surface is disturbed. Placing something in the water before heating can mostly alleviate this risk. If you are planning to mix something with the water, say tea or hot chocolate, adding it before heating will insure that the water boils. Otherwise, placing a wood object, for instance a chopstick, in the water before heating will also work. Care should be taken when removing heated water from a microwave. Make sure that the hands are protected from possible liquid boil-over, place the container on a level, heat-proof surface and stir liquid with a warm spoon. Also, never add powdered substances (such as instant coffee or cocoa mix) to the container taken from the microwave, due to the addition of all those seed bubbles and the potential for violent, spontaneous boiling. 5. __________________________________________________. Metal objects, such as metal utensils, in a microwave oven can lead to dangerous situations. Metals do not absorb microwaves effectively. Instead, metals reflect microwaves, thereby preventing the latter from reaching the food. 6. ___________________________________________________________________. Thin metal layers, such as metal foil and mugs with metal trim can melt or burn due to the strong electrical currents that are generated in metal objects. However, small solid metal objects, such as spoons, in combination with a large amount of absorbing food or liquid, normally do not lead to problems.
2. Choose from the sentences A – G the one which fits each gap (1 – 6). Remember, there is one extra sentence you do not need to use. A. Using a microwave for cooking a large food mass is difficult due to limited penetration of microwaves.
B. This can be overcome by leaving the food to stand for a few minutes when cooking is completed.
C. It is advised that the water should be poured slowly into another container that already contains the powder.
D. In this way, buying a microwave oven with a turntable ensure the food is cooked throughout.
E. Conversely the microwaves do not heat glass, ceramic and plastic containers.
F. If the microwaves are not absorbed inside the oven, the oven can be damaged by electrical arcs and overheating of the microwave source.
G. When water in that state is disturbed, it can suddenly and unexpectedly boil violently.
UNIT 6 SHOPPING
Level A 2 READING CLOTHING LABELS
1. Look at the clothing labels. 2. Answer the questions.
HOME COMFORT DIVISION ONE-YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY
Introduction: A humidifier is a machine that puts water into the air in a house. It is a good machine to have in a place like Colorado where the air is very dry. In the box with the humidifier is an instruction book and this Warranty paper.
The Warranty
The Bemis by Essick Air humidifier warranty covers defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from date of retail purchase. This warranty applies only to the original purchaser of the product. Within the first 12 months from date of purchase. Essick Air will repair or replace, at its discretion, any defective part of the humidifier covered by this warranty. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state or province to province. This warranty does not cover damage resulting from misuse or abuse of the humidifier, accidents or alterations to the product, commercial use or damage during shipment. Misuse includes malfunctions caused by negligence in cleaning or parts fouled with mineral deposits due to hard-water conditions. Alterations to the product include the substitution of non-Bemis by Essick Air brand components including, but not limited to, wicks. If service becomes necessary, take or send the product to any Bemis by Essick Air service center.
2. Choose the correct answer. 1. What is a good definition for 'warranty'? a. Product. b. Guarantee. c. Problems. d. Protection. 2. What is a good definition for 'covers'? a. Is on top of. b. Has information about. c. Will fix or replace. d. Is hiding.
3. What is a good definition for 'defects'? a. Information about the machine. b. Parts of the machine. c. Problems with the machine. d. Negative effects. 4. I bought this humidifier and gave it to my cousin. My cousin used it for 2 days but then he noticed it was defective (not working). He took it to the company to ask for a refund. According to the warranty, will the company give him a refund? a. No, because he used it for 2 days. b. No, the warranty is good only for the person who bought the machine. c. Yes, because it was only used for 2 days. d. Yes, the warranty covers defects.
5. For how long does the warranty cover the humidifier? a. 30 days. b. 1 year. c. forever. d. 12 days.
6. If the machine is defective, the company will … a. give you a new machine. b. give you your money back. c. repair the part that is defective. d. apologize.
7. Check all the situations that are covered by the warranty. a. normal use (for example, 6 hours/day in a bedroom). b. misuse (for example, putting gasoline in the water container). c. using it in your house. d. commercial use (for example, using it in a big store). e. the person who made the machine did not do it correctly. f. abuse (for example, if you put the machine outside in the rain). g. problems with the materials.
8. What should I do if the machine is defective? a. Return it to the store where I bought it. b. Take it to the Bemis service center. c. Call the Bemis company. d. Complain to the manager.
FAMILY FASHION
1. Read the text. Six sentences have been removed. Zara and Robbie both work in a fashion boutique in London. But they are more than just colleagues – they are brother and sister. 1. _______________________________. Their parents own the shop. Zara on Robbie: ‘We weren’t very close when we were young. I was eight years older than my brother and we used to argue a lot. Then I went to college and did a degree in fashion, and started working for my father. 2. ___________________________________________________________________. When he left college, he said he never wanted to work with his family. He tried to go his own way. 3. ________________________________________________________. So about two years ago he joined me in the family shop after all! Actually, it’s worked out brilliantly. 4. ______________________________________. Robbie is interested in display and the look of the shop, but I decide what clothes we sell. We get on much better now, and even see each other outside of work! Our business talents are different, but we both like the same music, and love James Bond movies. 5. ____________________________________________________________. And we have fun at work, too. Once Robbie was in the basement, and I phoned down and said Madonna was in the shop looking at trousers. Of course she wasn’t, but Robbie believed me. 6. __________________________________________________. He was really angry with me at first, but then he saw the funny side of it!’
2. Choose from the sentences A – G the one which fits each gap (1 – 6). There is one extra sentence you do not need to use.
A. Sadly, things didn’t go well for him.
B. We’re good at different things.
C. In fact, it’s a family business.
D. He ran up the stairs so fast, he fell over!
E. We go to see them together, because none of our friends like them!
F. But Robbie was different.
G. I don’t like working with him Level B 1 SHOPPING IN THE OLD TOWN OF EDINBURGH
1. Read six advertisements for shops in Edinburgh.
2. Answer the questions. Write the best letter in the boxes. You can use a letter more than once.
1. Which shop sells raincoats?
2. Where can you buy pills?
3. From which shop is it possible to buy things from home?
4. Which shop is open on Sunday, too?
5. Which shop sells and buys things, too?
6. Where can you buy shampoo?
7. Which shop sells something to eat?
Date: 2015-04-20; view: 3135
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Never mind the tongue twister – here’s the tongue trickster. Frank Parsons reports on the craze for a strange type of fruit.
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Garment A Garment B
