You need to be able to explain these notions in English.
LANGUAGES
Franglais - informal French containing a high proportion of words of English origin - a blend of French and English, either French speech that makes excessive use of English expressions, or unidiomatic French spoken by an English person.
‘Hindish’ – Hindi has incorporated many English words.
accent - a distinctive way of pronouncing a language, especially one associated with a particular country, area, or social class:
accent chameleons – are people with no starch in their self-identity (they don’t know or don’t like who they really are)
American English - the English language as spoken and written in the US. As well as differences from British English in spelling, pronunciation, and grammar, there are specifically American uses of words and meanings, principally: adoptions from languages with which the early settlers came in contact (moccasin, prairie), changes in meaning (corn, vest), survivals of 17th- and 18th-century English (gotten), and different words for the same referent (elevator for lift)
Cockney – (accent) a native of East End of London, traditionally one born within hearing of Bow Bells:
Dialect - a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group:
Vernacular - (usually the vernacular) the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people of a country or region:
educated/standard English - A controversial term for a form of the English language that is written and spoken by educated users. Abbreviation: SE.
English/ British English - English as used in Great Britain, as distinct from that used elsewhere.
Esperanto - an artificial language devised in 1887 as an international medium of communication, based on roots from the chief European languages. It retains the structure of these languages and has the advantage of grammatical regularity and ease of pronunciation.
lingua franca - a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.
Purists - a person who insists on absolute adherence to traditional rules or structures, especially in language or style:
RP - received pronunciation. he standard form of British English pronunciation, based on educated speech in southern England, widely accepted as a standard elsewhere.
Transatlantic English – is helping to bidge the gap between two countries.
crash course - óñêîðåííûé
vicious circle - a sequence of reciprocal cause and effect in which two or more elements intensify and aggravate each other, leading inexorably to a worsening of the situation:
A-levels - short for advanced level
cross-fertilization - stimulate the development of (something) with an exchange of ideas or information:
THE PRESS
Agony Aunt column - a column in a newspaper or magazine offering advice on personal problems to readers who write in.
arts reviews - a critical appraisal of a book, play, film, etc. published in a newspaper or magazine:
broadsheets - (also broadsheet newspaper) a newspaper with a large format, regarded as more serious and less sensationalist than tabloids:
a Code of Practice – sets limits on the extent to which newspapers should publish details of people´s private life. (Press Complaints Comission)
caption a title or brief explanation accompanying an illustration, cartoon, or poster:
censorship - examine (a book, film, etc.) officially and suppress unacceptable parts of it: - a policy or programme of censoring
circulation - the number of copies sold of a newspaper or magazine:
column - a) any of two or more vertical sections of type on a printed page, esp on a newspaper page b) a regular article or feature in a paper
comic strip - a sequence of drawings in boxes that tell an amusing story, typically printed in a newspaper or magazine:
editorial (n) - a newspaper article expressing the editor’s opinion on a topical issue:
feature (n) - a newspaper or magazine article or a broadcast programme devoted to the treatment of a particular topic, typically at length:
gutter press - reporters or newspapers engaging in sensational journalism, especially accounts of the private lives of public figures:
headline English - a heading at the top of an article or page in a newspaper or magazine: (shorter, abbreviations, jokes, to save space, reduce number of words, the infinitive – future, nouns in clusters, alliteration and rhyming.
Heavies – very serious
human interest stories - äóøåùèïàòåëüíûé ðàññêàç, ðàññ÷èòàííûé íà ñî÷óâñòâåííîå îòíîøåíèå ÷èòàòåëÿ ...
invasion of privacy - the intrusion into the personal life of another, without just cause, which can give the person whose privacy has been invaded a right to bring a lawsuit for damages against the person or entity that intruded.
investigative journalism - Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, often involving crime, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing.
journal/ magazine - a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or professional activity: (science) - a periodical publication containing articles and illustrations, often on a particular subject or aimed at a particular readership:
layout - the way in which text or pictures are set out on a page:
a newsworthy situation – very important situation
newsagent’s - a person or shop selling newspapers, magazines, confectionery, etc..
obituary - a notice of a death, especially in a newspaper, typically including a brief biography of the deceased person:
PCC - abbreviation for Press Complaints Commission – complaints regarding invasions of privacy are dealt with… (is made up of newspaper editors and journalists)
political divide - to separate or be separated into parts or groups; split up; part
quality papers - a newspaper, typically a broadsheet, that is considered to deal seriously with issues and to have high editorial standards.
right-left spectrum – conservatives parties supporters, tabloids – political outlook (national press) (right wing views)
supplement - a separate section, especially a colour magazine, added to a newspaper or periodical: - a magazine or section inserted into a newspaper or periodical, such as one with colour photographs issued every week
tabloids - a newspaper having pages half the size of those of the average broadsheet, typically popular in style and dominated by sensational stories:
the fourth estate - The concept of the Fourth Estate (or fourth estate) is a societal or political force or institution whose influence is not consistently or officially recognized. It now most commonly refers to the news media; especially print journalism. (church (clergy), monarch, parlament)
the morning ‘paper round’ – get their papers to their door by a teenager who gets up at around half-past five every day.
a weekly - once a week:
RADIO & TELEVISION
BBC World Service - The BBC World Service is arguably the most widely recognised international broadcaster, currently broadcasting in 32 languages to many parts of the world via analogue and digital shortwave, internet streaming and podcasting, satellite, FM and MW relays. It is politically independent (by mandate of the Agreement providing details of the topics outlined in the BBC Charter),[1] non-profit, and commercial-free.
BBC/ IBA/ ITV - British Broadcasting Corporation.- (in the UK) - Independent Broadcasting Authority. - (in the UK) Independent Television:
BA/BSc/MA/MSc/MBA/PhD - Bachelor of Arts- îò Bachelor of Science - Master of Arts - Master of Science - Master of Business Administration - Doctor of Philosophy
benchmarks of quality - a standard or point of reference against which things may be compared:
Breakfast TV - Ò çà çàâòðàêîì" (òåëåïåðåäà÷è ðàíî óòðîì, ñìîòðÿò çà çàâòðàêîì, ïåðåä âûõîäîì èç äîìà íà ðàáîòó, â øêîëó ; TV-a.m.)
cable/ satellite TV - Cable television is a system of providing television to consumers via radio frequency signals transmitted to televisions through coaxial cables or Digital light pulses though fixed optical fibers located on the subscriber's property, much like the over-the-air method used in traditional television broadcasting (via radio waves) in which a television antenna is required. - Satellite television is television delivered by the means of communications satellite and received by a satellite dish and set-top box. In many areas of the world it provides a wide range of channels and services, often to areas that are not serviced by terrestrial or cable providers.
copyright levies - an act of levying a tax, fee, or fine:
‘East Enders’/ ‘Archers’ - "Èñòýíäåðû" (ïîïóëÿðíûé ìíîãîñåðèéíûé òåëåâèçèîííûé ôèëüì î ïîâñåäíåâíîé æèçíè æèòåëåé îäíîé èç ïëîùàäåé â ëîíäîíñêîì Èñò-Ýíäå [East End ]; ïåðåäà¸òñÿ Áè-áè-ñè-1 [BBC 1] ñ 1985) - "Àð÷åðû" (ïîïóëÿðíàÿ ðàäèîïðîãðàììà Áè-áè-ñè [BBC] î æèçíè âûìûøëåííîé äåðåâåíñêîé ñåìüè; ïåðåäà¸òñÿ åæåäíåâíî ñ 1951)
general interest programmes – programmes for masses
magazine programme - (also magazine programme) a regular television or radio programme comprising a variety of topical items:
minority interest programmes - a small group of people within a community or country, differing from the main population in race, religion, language, or political persuasion:
licence fee - A television licence (or broadcast receiver licence) is an official licence required in many countries for the reception of television (and sometimes also radio) broadcasts. It is a form of hypothecation tax to fund public broadcasting, thus allowing public broadcasters to transmit programmes without, or with only supplemental, funding from radio and television commercials.
a panel game - a broadcast quiz played by a panel or team of people.
phone-in programme – radio, calls … quiz
pirate radio stations - Pirate radio is illegal or unregulated radio transmission.
request programme - a radio programme consisting of music requested by the listeners.
Sequel - a published, broadcast, or recorded work that continues the story or develops the theme of an earlier one:
Serial - a story or play appearing in regular instalments on television or radio or in a magazine or newspaper:
Series - a set or sequence of related television or radio programmes:
Sitcom - a situation comedy.
specialist interest programmes –for specialists
tacit agreement - silence subaudition
to take the plunge - commit oneself to a course of action about which one is nervous:
the OU - (in the UK) Open University. The Open University (commonly Open University or its initialism OU, but officially "The" is part of its name) is a distance learning and research[5] university founded by Royal Charter in the United Kingdom and funded in part by the United Kingdom Government. It is notable for having an open entry policy, i.e. students' previous academic achievements are not taken into account for entry to most undergraduate courses
the ratings war – the war between channels – competition to attract the largest audience, more popular type of programs than the other, to do the same type of programme better.
the wireless - using radio, microwaves, etc. (as opposed to wires or cables) to transmit signals: - radio
white / blue-collar job - relating to the work done or the people who work in an office or other professional environment. -
relating to manual work or workers, particularly in industry:
MUSIC
background music - music intended as an unobtrusive accompaniment to an activity or to provide atmosphere in a film.
Carols - a religious folk song or popular hymn, particularly one associated with Christmas:
Lyrics - the words of a popular song:
Land of Hope and Glory – a march written by Sir Edward Elgar in 1902 and called Pomp and Circumstances A.C. Benson wrote words, - popular patriotic hymn – a kind of alternative National Anthem.
Morris dancing - a lively traditional English dance performed out of doors by groups known as ‘sides’. Dancers wear a distinctive costume that is mainly black and white and has small bells attached, and often carry handkerchiefs or sticks.
Musical - a play or film in which singing and dancing play an essential part. Musicals developed from light opera in the early 20th century: 1relating to music: they shared similar musical tastes
set to or accompanied by music: an evening of musical entertainment
fond of or skilled in music: Henry was very musical, but his wife was tone-deaf
2having a pleasant sound; melodious or tuneful:
middle-of-the-road audience - of, denoting, or relating to popular music having a wide general appeal
minstrel - a medieval singer or musician, especially one who sang or recited lyric or heroic poetry to a musical accompaniment for the nobility:
oratorio - a large-scale, usually narrative musical work for orchestra and voices, typically on a sacred theme, performed without costume, scenery, or action. Well-known examples include Bach’s
madrigal - a part-song for several voices, especially one of the Renaissance period, typically unaccompanied and arranged in elaborate counterpoint.
The Royal Albert Hall – Proms (London)
Showmanship - · a person who produces or presents shows as a profession, especially the proprietor, manager, or MC of a circus, fair, or other variety show: showmen inveigled the masses into circuses, fairgrounds, peep shows, theatres
· a person skilled at entertaining, theatrical presentation or performance:
a music addict – addicted to music
single (n) - a short record or CD featuring one main song or track.
The Fab 4 – The Beatles
The Proms - a concert of classical music at which a part of the audience stands in an area without seating, for which tickets are sold at a reduced price. The most famous series of such concerts is the annual BBC Promenade Concerts (known as the Proms), instituted by Sir Henry Wood in 1895.
troupe/ band/ choir - a group of dancers, actors, or other entertainers who tour to different venues: - a small group of musicians and vocalists who play pop, jazz, or rock music: - an organized group of singers, especially one that takes part in church services or performs in public:
recital - a performance of a programme of music by a soloist or small group:
recorded highlights – most sparkling moments – broadcasting
Eisteddfod - a competitive festival of music and poetry in Wales.
sacred/ secular music – religious music - not connected with religious or spiritual matters:
hymn/ anthem a religious song or poem of praise to God or a god: - a rousing or uplifting song identified with a particular group, body, or cause:
concerto - a musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra, especially one conceived on a relatively large scale.
release (n) - the action of making a film, recording, or other product available to the public:
flower power - the ideas of the flower children, especially the promotion of peace and love as means of changing the world.
punk rock - (also punk rock) [mass noun] a loud, fast-moving, and aggressive form of rock music, popular in the late 1970s:
Woodstock - 2a small town in Oxfordshire, south central England; population 2,600 (est. 2009). Blenheim Palace is located there.
Live Aid - Live Aid was a multi-venue concert that was held on 13 July 1985. The event was organized by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise funds for relief of the ongoing Ethiopian famine.
YOUTH CULTURE
youth culture - A youth subculture is a youth-based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer participants an identity outside of that ascribed by social institutions such as family, work, home and school. Youth subcultures that show a systematic hostility to the dominant culture are sometimes described as countercultures.
going out on the town – clubs, pubs…
Yooff TV – 1980th Janet Street Porter
black/ white youth culture – races…
rite of passage - a ceremony or event marking an important stage in someone’s life, especially birth, the transition from childhood to adulthood, marriage, and death:
dress code - a set of rules, usually written and posted, specifying the required manner of dress at a school, office, club, restaurant, etc.:
subculture - a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture:
flyer - a small handbill advertising an event or product.
fashion crimes – inappropriate
heyday - the period of a person’s or thing’s greatest success, popularity, activity, or vigour:
cultural identity - Cultural identity is the identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture. Cultural identity is similar to and has overlaps with, but is not synonymous with, identity politics.
Clubbing - a nightclub playing fashionable dance music:
Ecstasy - an illegal amphetamine-based synthetic drug with euphoric effects, originally produced as an appetite suppressant. Also called MDMA
Yuppie - a well-paid young middle-class professional who works in a city job and has a luxurious lifestyle: - îò young urban professional, young upwardly mobile professional person
pub crawl - a tour taking in several pubs or drinking places, with one or more drinks at each.
Baby-Boomers - a temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following the Second World
Ravers - a person who regularly goes to raves. - a very large party or similar event with dancing to loud, fast electronic music:
meritocratic society - a ruling or influential class of educated or able people:
the Millennial generation - Generation Y, also known as the Millennial Generation (or Millennials),[1][2] Generation Next,[3] Net Generation,[4] Echo Boomers,[5] describes the demographic cohort following Generation X. As there are no precise dates for when the Millennial generation starts and ends, commentators have used birth dates ranging somewhere from the mid-1970s[6] to the early 2000s.
queue spotters – to choose from the queue
peer pressure - influence from members of one’s peer group:
punter - informal, chiefly British a person who gambles, places a bet, or makes a risky investment.
shoot-em-ups - a simple computer game in which the sole objective is to kill as many enemies as possible.
