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The American Revolution
The First Continental Congress 1774 to protest the Intolerable Acts
The Olive Branch Petition The Second Continental Congress May 1775 the Olive Branch Petition organize an army the Continental Army George Washington - commander of the army.
“But lest some unlucky event should happen unfavourable to my reputation, I beg it may be remembered by every Gentleman in the room, that I this day declare with the utmost sincerity, I do not think myself equal to the Command I am honored with.” George Washington Washington’s Army
Hessians – Mercenaries - The Green Mountain Boys Ft. Ticonderoga guarded the Lake Champlain. Colonists worried British would use this as a base to make and assault out of Canada.
The only sentry on duty at the south gate fled his post after his musket misfired, and they rushed into the fort. Allen and Arnold charged up the stairs to the door of the officer's quarters, roused the garrison commander from bed, and demanded surrender. Allen later claimed that he demanded to the British commandant that he surrender the fort, "In the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!"; however, his surrender demand was made to a junior officer, not the commandant, and no other witnesses remembered Allen uttering such a phrase. One guard tried to stop the invaders by firing a shot, but the musket flashed in the pan. The only injury was to one American, who was slightly injured by a sentry with a bayonet. Acquired 80 artillery pieces. The Battle of Bunker Hill Some 10,000 Patriot civilians moved out of Boston as the town became a base for British troops. The number of British troops grew to 13,500 by July 1775
Declaring Independence - Common Sense the writer and journalist Thomas Paine Most pamphlets of the time were written by lawyers in a style that only well-educated people could understand. Paine wrote as a common person speaking to common people, which allowed him to reach a wider audience. Lee’s Resolution On June 7, 1776, in the Second Continental Congress, Richard Henry Lee, a Virginia delegates introduced this resolution which proposed independence for the American colonies… Text: “ Resolved, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent States, that they are absolved from allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be totally dissolved…” The members of the committee were Thomas Jefferson (Virginia), Benjamin Franklin (Pennsylvania), John Adams (Massachusetts), Robert Livingston (New York), and Roger Sherman (Connecticut).
The Final Decision “The 2nd day of July 1776 will be the most memorable in the epocha in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival…with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations from one end of this continent to the other…” John Adams, in a letter to Abigail Adams July 3-4, 1776: Congress revised the document Finally, on the afternoon of July 4, Congress adopted the Declaration. Under the supervision of the Jefferson committee, the approved Declaration was printed on July 4 and a copy was attached to the “rough journal of the Continental Congress for July 4th.” These printed copies, bearing only the names of John Hancock, President, and Charles Thomson, secretary, were distributed to state assemblies, conventions, committees of safety, and commanding officers of Continental troops.
On July 19, congress ordered an engrossed copy of the Declaration—that is, one copied out in a large hand on parchment—with a new title, “The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,” and “that the same, when engrossed, be signed by every member of Congress.” On august 2 John Hancock, the president of the Congress, signed the copy with a bold signature that became a landmark in history. The list of other delegate signatures, following custom, began at the right, in geographic order of the states, from northernmost New Hampshire to southernmost Georgia
The War in the North Fort Ticonderoga on Dorchester Heights, Boston British General William Howe Loyalists evacuated Boston General Howe moved his troops to Canada King George set up a blockade of all the ports in the colonies The New York Campaign June 1776, General Howe moved into New York City, which Howe viewed as an ideal location. From here he could easily march troops south to Philadelphia or north into New England. The Battle of Long Island
General Lord Cornwallis continued to chase Washington's army through New Jersey until the Americans withdrew across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania in early December. With the campaign at an apparent conclusion for the season, the British entered winter quarters. Although Howe had missed several opportunities to crush the diminishing rebel army, he had killed or captured over 5,000 Americans. He controlled much of New York and New Jersey and was in a good position to resume operations in the spring, with the rebel capital of Philadelphia in striking distance. The outlook of the Continental Army—and thus the revolution itself—was bleak. "These are the times that try men's souls," wrote Thomas Paine, who was with the army on the retreat. The army had dwindled to fewer than 5,000 men fit for duty and would be reduced to 1,400 after enlistments expired at the end of the year. Spirits were low, popular support was wavering, and Congress had abandoned Philadelphia in despair. Brutal Winter at Valley Forge the harsh winter of 1777–78 at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania Baron Friedrich von Steuben, a Prussian soldier the Marquis de Lafayette Thaddeus Kosciuszko Casimir Pulaski Bernardo de Gálvez
The War in the West 1778 George Rogers Clark British forts at Kaskaskia and Cahokia February 1779 the British fort at Vincennes, Indiana
The War at Sea Congress established the Continental Navy privateers 1779 the Bonhomme Richard John Paul Jones attacked the Serapis the “Father of the American Navy.” War in the South February 27, 1776 –a Loyalist uprising at Moore’s Creek Bridge, North Carolina December 29, 1778 – the British captured Savannah, Georgia. Charleston, South Carolina, fell to the British on May 12, 1780. The Final Battle General Cornwallis led troops to Yorktown, Virginia August 29, 1781- Admiral François de Grasse prevented Cornwallis from getting supplies - additional forces - Anthony Wayne and the Marquis de Lafayette October 17, 1781- Cornwallis requesting a cease-fire Surrender at Yorktown October 19, British and American troops met outside of Yorktown; General Washington waited to accept General Cornwallis’s sword in the gesture of surrender.
Treaty of Paris Delegates from the Continental Congress John Jay, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams September 3, 1783 - the Treaty of Paris The treaty set new boundaries for the United States - all the land west of the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River; from Canada in the north to Florida in the south Great Britain returned Florida to Spain
Date: 2015-04-20; view: 577
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