Classification of the property

Bases of classification. Studying economics it is impossible without skills to classify (from Lat. classis - discharge, class; facio - I decompose, I make) the property. It is necessary to be able to allocate by class (or by types), specific forms depending on their common characters.

There are two types of relations of the property - in economical and legal sense. And, so there are two bases of classification.

On the basis for property classification in its economical understanding can be the level of evolution of labor co-operation and production. This criteria (sign) demonstrates, how much people jointed in the production process and appropriate the means and results of production in practice.

On the scales of socialization of production there are three general levels: 1) lowest level: individual appropriation (the small firm on which manage one person or his family); 2) medial scale of socialization (more or less large enterprise or economical association where joined the labor of many people); 3) highest level - a national complex (labor co-operated in national scale).

Property classification in legal sense based on accounting of different types of owner authorities and character of the property: 1) character of appropriation and relation between property owners and other participants; 2) an ability or impossibility freely to divide a common property between separate owners by their decision.

Property classification in its initial classic type has appeared in Ancient Rome. As the base of Roman Law was private property law (“to advantage of separate persons”).

In the end of XIX - in the beginning of XX century appeared the legal entity. In the USA and other countries has appeared the corporate law (Lat. corporatio - union).

Private appropriation class. Private appropriation means that separate people concern to property as their own enrichment source. The private property law determines rates of economical behavior of the citizen. It formed the bars of economical psychology of the individual owner: individualistic understanding of own interests; estrangement of a society and separate person; mercenary relation to satisfy needs of another people; enrichment ideology on base of the private; property and disparity in distribution of the wealth in a society; owners private material motivation of the in enrichment at the expense of their property.

There are two types of private appropriation which have difference among themselves: the property on the means of productions of the person, who works itself; the property on the means of productions of the person, who use the labor of another people.

Persons which own by the first type of private property - peasants and other people who live by the own labor. In this case the worker has all results of its activities. When the owner and worker introduced in one person material interest in work is appeared.

If persons who create rather large enterprise with using a labor of many another workers they have the second type of a private property. If at the first type of private appropriation of material and personal means of production naturally unite, as they belong to one person in the second type - means of production and results of labor are alienated from workers. The second type of a private property is displayed in specific forms - slaveholding, feudal and individual capitalist (Figure 3).

Figure 3 - Types and forms of private appropriation

There are two types of social and economical combination methods of the factors of production: noneconomic (violent) compulsion and economical attraction of the workers to labor.

The history of private property showed the tendency of change the methods of inclusion the people - from violent compulsion to economical.

Class of common share property. Common share appropriation appeared by next ways:

At first, it organized with help of join shares which all participants of venture bring in a common property. Secondly, the common share property used in the collective purposes and under corporate management. In this case, as a rule, the certain involvement of owners in manage of socialized property is envisioned. Thirdly, eventual results of economical activities of the enterprise are allocated according to an ownership shares.

The common share property have an effect on characters of economical psychology: enterprise workers in a certain measure are not alienated from the socialized property (they have appropriate shares of property); participants association care of a steady position and profitability of whole enterprise; people have an understanding about dependence of welfare from common incomes; private economic interest joined with a common interest of enterprise members.

The common share property appears in specific forms (Figure 4): joint stock company; productive co-operative; economical partnership; large enterprises business association (association, unions and etc.); joint ventures (with involvement of the national and foreign capital).

Class of common joint appropriation. Common joint appropriation means that all people united in collective concern to solving means of productions or other vital means which belong to them. The nonseparable unity and equalling of joint proprietors pertaining to to principal economic requirements of their life support is thus established. Thereby such consequences are predetermined: alienation of workers from factor of productions is not admitted; collective appropriation of yields of common transactions is spawned and the trend to surge allocation of consumer goods unstrands.

Figure 4 - Forms of common share appropriation

Common undivided appropriation appears in following specific forms (Figure 5): primitive-communal; family (property of spouses); property of members of a farm household; state; municipal.

Figure 5 - Forms of common joint property

Date: 2014-12-28; view: 936