Task 4. a) Study the definitions of the terms

agglutination – a grammatical process in which words are composed of a sequence of morphemes (meaningful word elements), each of which represents not more than a single grammatical category //http://www.britannica.com

alternations - a morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions e.g. goose -> geese, ring -> rang -> rung, teeth -> teethe

circumfixation – a morphological process characterized by simultaneous suffixing and affixing

incorporation - a morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language

infixation – a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme attaches within a root or stem

inflection - the creation of different grammatical forms of words

reduplication - a morphological process of forming new words either by doubling an entire free (total reduplication) morpheme, or part of it (partial reduplication)

suffixation - a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme is attached to the end of a stem

suppletion - a morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other. e.g. is -> was, go -> went; good -> better -> best

inner inflection – a morphological process when different forms of the word share only consonants and alternating vowels represent a grammatical category

b) Study examples from different languages and match them with morphological processes from 4 (a).

(1) Turkish

Avrupa-li-laş-tir-il-a-mi-yacak-lar-dan-sin-iz.

Europe-an-ize-CAUSE-PASSIVE-POTENTIAL-NEG-FUT.PART PL-ABL-2ND-PL

You (all) are among those who will not be able to be caused to become like Europeans.'

(2) Chichewa (the national language of Malawi)

Mkángo s-u-na-ka-ngo-wa-phwanya maûngu.

lion NEG-3SUBJ-PAST-go-just-6OBJ-smash pumpkins

The lion did not just go smash them, the pumpkins.'

(3) Tagalog (the national language of the Philippines)

(4) German

ge-kann-t 'known'

ge-läute-t 'rung'

ge-schüttel-t 'shaken'

ge-zeig-t 'shown'

(5) Arabic

katab 'to write'

kataba 'he wrote'

kutib 'has been written'

aktub 'be writing'

(6) Tagalog (the national language of the Philippines)

ROOT FUTURE

tawag 'call' ta-tawag 'will call'

takbo 'run' ta-takbo 'will run'

bisita 'visit' bi-bisita 'will visit'

bili 'buy' bi-bili 'will buy'

(7) English

fall fell

slide slid

strike struck

take took

give gave

swear swore

ride rode

(8) Somali

Date: 2014-12-22; view: 922