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The national movement of a Kazakh people for independence under the leadership of Kenesary Khasym uli (1837-1847 years).

Belonging to a top of the steppe nobility, Kenesary achieved restoration of the Kazakh statehood and the liquidated Russia by khans power. The khan Kene has continued struggle of his father, the Kasym-sultan, against imperial colonization, building of the Russian fortresses and oppression by colonizers of the Kazakh population. Struggle of Kenesary has become complicated that the Russian government operating from a principle "divide and dominate" has entered in under control territories an imperial post aga-sultans. Thus, the imperial government has yielded the power to certain group submitting to them of people and has pitted them against Kenesary. In a current about ten years Kenesary struggled against regular imperial armies and grouping aga-sultans. First half of revolt has been marked by set of victories, including a brilliant capture of an imperial Akmolinsk fortress. Part of revolt of Kenesary in Younger zhuz hardly was Isatai and Mahambet who with might and main flared in the meantime on the western boundaries Younger zhuz, in the Bukeis Horde was not closed with revolt of "two fierce wolves". On peak of the liberation movement of Kenesary supervised all Kazakhstan. B 1841 on kurultai of all Kazakh zhuz’s Kenesary has been selected the Supreme khan. Kenesary successfully was at war not only with the Russian armies, but also and with southern aggressors - Kokands and Khivan khanates. He almost has completely recreated the state of his grandfather Abylai. The Russian armies, the Cossacks could not mock with impunity at the Kazakh population any more. The khan Kene became protection and a support for Kazakh people. Those days its army totaled 20 000 soldiers, they had fire-arms and some guns. Requirements of Kenesary about restoration of territorial integrity of Kazakhstan, preservation of its independence have been stated in its correspondence addressed to tsar Nikolay I, the Orenburg governors V.Perovskomu, V.Obruchevu, the Siberian governor P.Gorchakovu, the chairman of the Orenburg boundary commission A.Gensu. In 1845 the Russian authorities, being afraid of scope of movement of Kenesary against Russia and wishing to supersede it from limits Younger and Middle zhuz, have urgently constructed fortresses of Yrgyz and Turgaj. In 1846 Kenesary was necessary to wander on the south, in limits of the Ulu zhuz. Expecting it, the large group of imperial artillery there has been directed. Under the pressure of superior forces, having left half of subordinates in steppes of the Sary-arch, Kenesary has passed to the right river bank Or and has approached to the Kirghiz possession. The February bourgeois-democratic revolution of 1917 in Russian and its influence on Kazakhstan.The February revolution was greeted with delight in Kazakhstan. The Interim Government, instead of the previous power structures began to create regional and county commissioners. Commissioner Torgays oblast became Alikhan Bokeikhan, Semirechje - Muhamedzhan Tynyshpaev, Uralsk - Halel Dosmuhameduly, Kostanay county-Ahmed Birimzhanuly. On 6 March of 1917 all participants in the rebellion 1916 Amnesty has been declared. The spring of 1917 in all areas of the Kazakh were held congresses to discuss the future of Kazakhstan. Already in March, the newspaper group «Cossack» became registered in the political party. After a long training in July at the Congress in Orenburg, it was decided on the formation of the party, producing programs and nominate candidates for the Constituent meeting, October 5, got the name «Alash» - the name of legend progenitor of Kazakhs. Alash Party led leaders of the national liberation moving of Alikhan Bokeikhan, Ahmet Baytursun, Myrzhakyp Dulatuly, Halel and Zhahansha Dosmuhameduly, Muhamedzhan Tynyshpaev, Eldos Omirov, Abdulhamit Zhuzhdybay, Magzhan Zhumabay. Party Program adopted at the congress in December 1917. Includes the claims of autonomy Kazakhstan universal selective of law, freedom of speech, press, unions, personal integrity, changes in agricultural policy in favor of Kazakhs. Regional conference in Tashkent in August, 1917 has developed more radical project of an autonomy of Kazakhs and has suggested to make national body the newspaper «Áiðëiê òóû» Mustafa Shokaj was which editor.




Date: 2014-12-22; view: 1222


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The uprising of the Kazakhs of Small Horde under the leadership of Isatai Taiman uli and Makhambet Otemys uli (1836-1838). | Kazakhstan during the civil war in 1918-1920 years and establishment of Soviet power.
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