Social problems of organizational change.

People are resistant to changes - they block, ignore or disrupt attempts to introduce change. Usually it importance to overcome the period of natural resistance to change, as time passes people get accustomed to new conditions.

In sociology there are 4 reasons why people are resistant to change: 1) put own interests on the top of organization interests; 2) misunderstanding; 3) low tolerance to change (don't believe before they experience); 4) skepticism (believe that changes will hurt the effectiveness etc).

Methods to overcome changes: 1) better communication and education; 2) make people involved (make sure that everyone in a team enjoys the game); 3) facilitation and support; 4) negotiate; 5) use the virtue and manipulate people; 6) intimidate (accept or get out).

Possible problems: people may fall into despair (offer them good severance package, point out opportunities; push towards the reward and away from fear of loss). Social problems of accepting changes on the scale of countries (Africa); or during the process of privatization.

Denial - Anger - Doubt - Acceptance

8. Resistance to change

People resist change for a wide variety of reasons, ranging from a straightforward intellectual disagreement over facts to deep-seated psychological prejudices. Some of these reasons for employee resistance may include: belief that the change initiative is a temporary fad, belief that fellow employees or managers are incompetent, loss of authority or control, loss of status or social standing, lack of faith in their ability to learn new skills, feeling of change overload (too much too soon), lack of trust in or dislike of managers, loss of job security, loss of family or personal time, feeling that the organization is not entitled to the extra effort

9. Burnout, stress – causes, syndromes, remedies.

Burnout is a psychological term for the experience of long-term exhaustion and diminished interest. Stages: A compulsion to prove oneself, Working harder, Neglecting one's own needs, Denial of emerging problems, Depression, Burnout syndrome.

Stress - refers to the consequence of the failure of an organism – human or animal – to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats, whether actual or imagined.

Signs include poor judgment, excessive worrying, inability to relax, feeling lonely, isolated or depressed, aches and pains, diarrhea or constipation, nausea, dizziness, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, eating too much or not enough, sleeping too much or not enough, social withdrawal, procrastination or neglect of responsibilities, increased alcohol, nicotine or drug consumption.

Solution - don't beat around the bush, don't ignore the problem, look for sources and correct things that caused stress. A repeating occurrence of stress may lead to the burnout. Vitamin C helps to reduce probability of stress; it also serves to relief stress, supporting a healthier work life. Aromatherapy.

10. Multicultural communication in international organizations.

Diversity is a good thing, but there are usually lots of problems if not to address all the issues well and in a timely manner.

Simplify your message by using less complex sentence structures and vocabulary. Define the meaning of critical technical words and acronyms. Ask people to repeat once, maybe twice, if you do not understand them.Avoid scheduling presentations by non-native English speakers at the end of the day, when fatigue may affect their English speaking skills. In face-to-face meetings, face the people to whom you speak. Try to participate in discussions, especially brainstorming sessions, even if you feel uncomfortable. Keep a dictionary handy and make sure the words you use mean what you think they mean. Don't try to insult someone's feelings, even as a joke.

11. The project management life cycle.

The Project Management Life Cycle has four phases: Initiation, Planning, Execution and Closure.

Initiation: Develop a business case, undertake a feasibility study, project charter, project team and set up the office.

Planning: Creating projecting plan, resource plan, quality plan, risk plan, acceptance plan, communication, procurement, contact suppliers.

Execution: time management, cost management, TQM, risk management, acceptance management.

Closure - Project closure, completion.

Date: 2015-02-03; view: 680