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III. Read and translate the textEconomy of Ukraine
I. a) Before you read the text answer the questions: 1. Is Ukraine an industrial or agricultural country? Why do you think so? 2. Which sectors are dominant in the economy of Ukraine? 3. What branches of industry are developed in Ukraine, and what products do they produce? 4. What factors are the most important for the development of agriculture?
b) Match the following industries with the products they produce:
1 ferrous metallurgy a. planes, spacecrafts, missiles 2 chemical industry b. iron ore, silver, manganese ore, coal 3 machine engineering c. chemicals, fertilizers, plastics, synthetic materials 4 mining industry d. steel, iron, cast iron 5 automobile industry e. vehicles, cars 6 food processing f. motor processed food products 7 cellulose paper industry g. locomotives, equipment for industries, industrial robots 8 aerospace industry h. paper and paper products
II. Read and memorize the words and word combinations: output – âèïóñê,ïðîäóêö³ÿ missile — ðåàêòèâíèé ñíàðÿä, ðàêåòà domestic market — âíóòð³øí³é ðèíîê household appliances — ïîáóòîâ³ ïðèëàäè cast iron — ÷àâóí with bias towards — íà êîðèñòü, ç óõèëîì äî saline — ñ³ëü asset — ö³ííà ðèñà, ö³íí³ñòü precipitation — îïàäè crop production — ðîñëèííèöòâî animal husbandry — òâàðèííèöòâî grain and industrial crops- çåðíîâ³ òà òåõí³÷í³ êóëüòóðè cereals — õë³áí³ çëàêè dairy and beef cattle breeding — ðîçâåäåííÿ ìîëî÷íî¿ òà ì’ÿñíî¿ õóäîáè pig raising — ñâèíàðñòâî sheep farming — â³â÷àðñòâî bee-keeping — áäæ³ëüíèöòâî poultry industry — ïòàõ³âíèöòâî sufficient — äîñòàòí³é
III. Read and translate the text The Economy of Ukraine On August 24 1991 on the map of the world appeared a new independent state with a thousand-year-old history — Ukraine. To have an idea of Ukraine's economic potential, its resources, and define the scale of reforms which must be carried out let us get acquainted with some objective data. Ukraine is situated in the geographical centre of Europe. The country occupies a territory of 603.7 thousand sq kilometres. Ukraine's population is 47.6 million people. Occupying 0.45% of the globe's surface and being populated by 0.8% of all earth's dwellers, Ukraine produces almost 5% of the world's output. The country possesses a considerable economic, industrial and agricultural potential. It may be said to be an industrial-agricultural country, with 2/5 of people working in industry and about 1/5 working in agriculture. Most other Ukrainians have jobs in such service industries as education and health care. Speaking about the industry of Ukraine, two branches should be mentioned as primary in importance. The machine-building is presently the largest branch of industry. It accounts for 1/3 of the national industrial output and employs about 1/4 of Ukraine's workers. The Ukrainian machine-engineering industry manufactures diesel locomotives, railway cars, automobiles, tractors, missiles, sea and river vessels, as well as equipment for metallurgy, mining, textile industries, electric motors, and industrial robots. The country also supplies its domestics market with many household appliances, including refrigerators, washing machines, and TV-sets, among others. The ferrous metallurgy industry, centred in the Prydniprovya Economic Region, produces enough iron, cast iron, and steel to satisfy the needs of the whole country, with more left over to export. Mining occupies an important place in the economy of Ukraine. Speaking about Ukrainian mining, one thinks first of the coal mines of Donbas. But coal is not the only mineral mined in the Donetsk and Northeastern Economic Regions. They have rich mineral deposits and major industrial base with bias towards heavy industry. The Donetsk Basin contains plants producing zinc, plastics, soda and dyes. The area has the greatest concentration of power stations in Ukraine. The Central, Podillya, Northwestern, Carpathian and Capital Economic Regions have supplies of metals and fuel, largest reserves of minerals and wood. But the top position is held by the sugar industry. Buses of the Lviv plant have won great popularity. The Prychornomorya Economic Region is close to the sea. Its key sector is shipbuilding. Local factories produce machinery for the power industry, tractors and harvesters. There are many saline deposits for the chemical industry. Southern Ukraine is a large producer of grape wines, canned fruits and vegetables. Crimea has rich recreational resources. Ukraine has always been associated with grain production. Grain harvests can be up to 50 million metric tons a year (Ukraine has long been referred to as «the bread basket of Europe»). That is natural because of the characteristics if the country's relief and climate. The territory of Ukraine is composed mostly of steppes and plains (over 95% of the land), and the country possesses 25% of all the black soil in the world. Another agricultural asset is the moderately continental climate with 300-600 millimetres of precipitation a year. There are two main branches of agricultural production in Ukraine: crop production and animal husbandry. Crop production is the practice of growing and harvesting crops. It includes grain and industrial crops, meadow culture, fruit and vegetable raising. Almost 1/2 of the cropping area is occupied by cereals such as winter wheat, maize and legumes, rye, oats and barley. Among the industrial crops such as sugar beet, sunflower, flax the leading position is occupied by sugar beet. Close to 40 types of vegetable crops are grown in Ukraine: potatoes, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, red beets, carrots, onions, garlic, etc. Me-or growing is practised mainly in the south. Animal husbandry is the practice of breeding of farm animals and their use. The most widespread branches of animal husbandry are da iry and beef cattle breeding, pig raising, sheep.farming and bee-keeping. The poultry industry is spread through all the provinces. Birds farmed include chicken, duck, goose, turkey. There are large mechanized poultry farms to produce eggs and meat. Transport plays a big role in the economy of Ukraine. The railway network has some 22,000 kilometres of track. The ports of Ukraine ensure trade contacts with over 80 countries. The length of navigable rivers in Ukraine is close to 5000 kilometres. The air transport has become one of the principal means of transportation in Ukraine. As you see, natural and human resources are sufficient for creating a developed internal market and becoming a friendly and equal par'.n er in the world market. There is every reason to believe that Ukraine will quickly enter the family of Europe's leading countries.
IV. Agree or disagree with the statements and correct the false ones:
V. Fill in the gaps with the words from the list: coal, continental, steel, machine-engineering, soil, internal, economic, buses, industry, agricultural. 1. Present-day independent Ukraine has a considerable potential to develop its _________________ and agriculture. 2. Ukraine is divided into nine ___________________ regions. 3. Ferrous metallurgy produces iron, cast-iron and ________________________ . 4. The top position is held by the __________________ industry. 5. Donbas is the region of ____________________ mines. 6. Lviv __________________________________ are very popular. 7. Ukraine has unique black ___________________ . 8. The climate in Ukraine is moderately ____________________ . 9. Crop production and animal husbandry are two main branches of ______________ production. 10. Ukraine has enough natural and human resources to create a developed ___________________ market.
VI. nswer the following questions:
Date: 2015-01-29; view: 1353
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