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Giddens on Globalisation

The famous sociologist defines globalisation as: a decoupling of space and time, emphasising that, with instantaneous communications, knowledge and culture can be shared around the world simultaneously.
Find out more about Giddens

Roots of Globalisation

The roots of globalisation can be found in two different periods of history, namely in the period between the 17th century until the Second World War and in the period after the Second World War.

prof. Ruud Lubbers states that the first period is characterised by the process of enlightenments and within this period a number of roots of globalisation can be identified:

Cultural enlightenment:
Decoupling of religion and science, secularisation, rationalisation, individualisation.
Political enlightenment:
Nation state formation in Europe, development of international law and treaties.
Economic enlightenment:
Money-economy, book-keeping and accounting, merchant city-states and industrial revolution with interacting national economies.
Technological innovation:
Revolution in transport and communication systems by such invention as the car, the airplane, telegraph, radio and telephone.
Spread of Western Enlightenment via:
Voyages of discovery, colonisation, markets and support/advise for developing countries.

The roots in the second period after the Second World War:

Cultural modernisation:
Political and economic refugees, worldwide entertainment and information branches and Americanisation of culture and economy.
Political modernisation:
Almost worldwide acceptance of the neo-liberal ideology of market plus democracy, global soft law regimes, rationalisation processes, decolonisation and UN-system.
Economic modernisation:
Economic liberalisation and a digital revolution with interacting global actors.
Technological innovation:
The miniaturisation and dematerialisation of products, the ICT-revolution and the invention of space-technologies.
Spread of Western modernity via:
Markets, tourism and developing aid to developing countries.

Read an outline of The Enlightenment as an intellectual movement


History of Globalisation

prof. Ruud Lubbers argues that the following are crucial events in the emergence of current globalisation:
1945 Establishment of the UN. Visit the UN website
1945 Hiroshima.
1965 Publication of The Global Village, Marshall McLuhan.
1965 Cuba Crisis.
1968 Establishment of the Club of Rome. Find out more.
1968 Publication of Our Common Heritage, Arvid Pardo. Find out more
1969 Publication of Limits to Growth, the Club of Rome.
1972 Stockholm Conference on Environment.
1973 The first oil crisis.
1975 Apollo-journey.
1975 End of Bretton Woods/decoupling of the Dollar.
1978 Publication of The Third Wave, Alvin Toffler. Read a brief here
1979 Dengs Open Door Politics.
1980 Start take off Silicon Valley.
1985 Gorbachev’s Glasnost and Perestroika.
1986 Publication of Our Common Future, Gro Harlem Brundlandt.
1986 Chernobyl.
1989 First Environmental Green Plan in The Netherlands.
1989 End of the Cold War.
1990 The Hague Declaration.
1991 War in Kuwait/Desert Storm.
1992 UNCED conference in Rio de Janeiro.
1993 Publication of Le fin de la Democratie, Guehenno.
1994 Publication of The end of History, Fukuyama. Read a brief here.
1995 Conference on Climate Change, Kyoto. Find out more
1996 Publication of The Clash of Civilizations Huntington. Find out more



THREE MORE recent events should be added to this list:
2001 9/11.
2004 Invasion of Iraq.
2005 Implementation of the Kyoto Accord on Climate Change.


Date: 2015-01-29; view: 891


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